Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 61, Issue 11
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Column
The Society of Fiber S & T, Japan Prize for Excellence in Fiber Research
Commentation
Series
Reports
Transactions
  • The Liquid Ammonia Treatment of Cotton Fibers
    - The Structural Changes of Cotton Fibers under Various Treatment Conditions in Practical Units
    Yuichi Yanai, Kunihiro Hamada, Yoshio Shimizu
    2005 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 287-293
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.61.287
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The structural changes of cotton fibers by practical liquid ammonia treatment under four different conditions were investigated. Two liquid ammonia units were used, one of which had one drying cylinder and the other had two cylinders. The running speed of each unit was set at high or low. In each unit, the lattice type I did not decrease even after long ammonia wetting, and as the drying time increased, the lattice typeIII increased, the amorphous region also decreased. Therefore, regarding practical liquid ammonia treatment, the changes in the crystal structure are thought to occur as follows: Almost all cellulose changes to ammonia cellulose after short ammonia wetting, and along with the removal of the ammonia, the lattice type III increases, the amorphous region decreases and the residual ammonia cellulose converts to the lattice type I. It was found that after liquid ammonia treatment the pore volume corresponding to the PEG radius over 1.1nm and the water retention decrease, the dry and wet crease recovery angle, the tear strength, the tensile strength and the dye uptake increase. The degree of decrease or increase depends on the degree of drying respectively.
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  • The Liquid Ammonia Treatment of Cotton Fibers
    - The Structural Changes of Cotton Fibers under Different Methods of Liquid Ammonia Removal -
    Yuichi Yanai, Kunihiro Hamada, Yoshio Shimizu
    2005 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 294-302
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.61.294
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    There are two major methods in liquid ammonia treatment, which are the ammonia dry process and the ammonia wet process. In the ammonia dry process, liquid ammonia is applied on the fabrics and is removed by heating, whereas in the ammonia wet process, the ammonia is removed by water. The differences of the effects between these two processes were investigated precisely using continuous practical units and a discontinuous laboratory unit. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the finished samples were quite different between the two processes: only the cellulose I type was found in the ammonia wet process samples, while both of cellulose I and III types were found in the ammonia dry process. Pore distribution analysis by liquid chromatography also showed different results between the two processes. Various other properties though were not substantially different. The slight differences found were as follows: the higher crease recovery angle in the ammonia dry process, and the harder hand and the higher dyeabillity in the ammonia wet process.
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  • Antibacterial Effect and Color Fastness of Fibers Treated with Extract from Aloe arborescens (Kidachi Aloe) Dry Leaves
    Koki Onda, Hiroh Kubokawa, Takao Shinozawa
    2005 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 303-308
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.61.303
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The eight kinds of standard fabric, cotton, nylon, acetate, wool, rayon, acryl, silk and polyester, were treated with the extract of Aloe arborescens (Kidachi aloe) dry leaves under an alkaline condition, respectively. Among them, the treated silk, wool and rayon fabrics showed deep colors, and moreover, the silk and rayon ones had strong antibacterial activity. They were tested on their color fastness against ultraviolet, washing, water, dry-cleaning or dry-heating, and then, their antibacterial activity was inspected again. As a result, it was cleared that the treated silk fabric keeps more effective antibacterial activity than the rayon one after the color fastness tests. In addition, it was found that its antibacterial activity was more effective on Staphylococcus aureus than on Klebsiella pneumonoiae. For silk, the extract of Aloe arborescens dry leaves was suggestted to have a possibility as a practical antibacterial agent.
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Technical Papers
  • Change of Surface Characteristic of Cotton and Polyester Fabrics Treated with Silicone Resin by Washing and Subsequent Heat Treatment
    Muncheul Lee, Kenji Nishi, Dong Seok Jeong, Takako Tokuyama, Toshihiko ...
    2005 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 309-312
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.61.309
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    It is commonly known that water repellency of the fabric treated with fluorocarbon resin brings about a decrease by the washing and recovers by the subsequent heat treatment. In this article, effect of the water repellency was investigated on the cotton and polyester fabrics treated with silicone resin. Silicone resin has been widely used in the textile finishing as the softening and water proofing agents. The fabrics were treated with a silicone resin, Poron MR (Shinetsu Chemical Co.) and then washed and subsequently heat treated. Although the water repellency increased by the resin treatment, it decreased by the washing apparently and recovered a little by the heat treatment. The effect of the heat treatment was small comparing with that of the fluorocarbon resin. Furthermore, in order to investigate the change of the surface chemical composition of the fabric, ESCA analysis was carried out. The O1s and Si2p intensities were almost unchanged by the washing and following heat treatment. The Si2p showed also the same tendency. As a mechanical property of the treated fabric, KES shearing and bending hysteresis parameters, modulus and hysteresis width of the silicone resin treated cotton and polyester fabrics decreased by the heat treatment after washing. Therefore, the treatment is effective at improving the softening of the fabric in water repellent finish.
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