Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 67, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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  • Supercritical Dyeing of Polyester Fibers in a Mini-Plant Possessing Internal Circulator
    Satoko Okubayashi, Takayuki Suzuma, Chuan Zhao, Keisuke Miyazaki, Kazu ...
    2011 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 27-33
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.27
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The polyester fabric (PET) was dyed with C.I. Solvent Blue 35, C.I. Disperse Red 60 and C.I. Disperse Yellow 54 in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) using the apparatus that possesses circulation system. The experimental conditions were optimized to obtain both visibly and spectrophotometrically uniform dye uptake in PET fabric. The staining of the dye was suppressed by addition of stainless mesh and cotton fabrics between the PET specimen and the stainless cylinder settled in the high-pressure column. The visible difference of color depth between the layers of fabric was improved with circulation of the dye bath especially as the scCO2 was released after the dyeing. The spectrophotometric measurements firmly indicated the invisible distinction of dye uptake between the fabric layers, which was inhibited by enhancement of duration in the process of scCO2 release. The 88-97% dye uptake of C.I. Solvent Blue 35 and C.I. Disperse Red 60 was obtained in scCO2 dyeing by the improved procedure.
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  • Impregnation of fluorescence dyes into polymer optical fiber using carbon dioxide fluid
    Chuan Zhao, Satoko Okubayashi, Takayuki Suzuma, Kazumasa Hirogaki, Isa ...
    2011 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 34-39
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.34
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this work, subcritical levels of carbon dioxide fluids have been successfully used to prepare polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer optical fibers (POFs) with rhodamine dyes. The solubility of rhodamine dyes in the carbon dioxide fluids with and without cosolvent was measured at 293 and 313 K over the pressure range 8-24 MPa. Impregnation experiments were carried out from 5.0 up to 20 MPa, and at 283 to 323K. The effects of experimental factors (cosolvent, temperature, pressure and impregnation time) were then investigated. Distributions of dyes in POFs were observed by microscope, and the optic characteristics of the POFs were determined from the measurement of fluorescence spectrum, which was pumped at 532 nm with a Nd : YAG laser. Moreover, the results clearly indicate that compared with the conventional drop method, the impregnation using CO2 fluids does not affect the fluorescence performance of the rhodamine dyes.
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  • Flow Drawing Behavior of Poly (ethylene terephthalate) Fiber Heated by CO2 Laser Irradiation
    Wataru Okumura, Sungmin Nam, Yutaka Ohkoshi
    2011 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 40-46
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.40
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    Poly (ethylene terephthalate) fiber was continuously flow drawn with heating by CO2 laser irradiation. The flow drawing behavior was discussed with the view point of the irradiated laser energy and draw ratio. The drawing behavior can be classified into 4 categories ; (1) only stable neck drawing can be observed, (2) both neck and flow drawing can be observed, (3) only stable flow drawing can be observed, and (4) melt down or break. The fiber temperature and the fiber speed profile on the flow drawing process were measured. As the results, it revealed that the maximum fiber temperature on the drawing process was the range of 210 to 225 o C, and the length of deformation region increase with the draw ratio. The apparent elongational viscosity of the flow drawing process was also estimated by the measured fiber speed profiles, and was compared with the reported values of the neck drawing process and the meltspinning process. The minimum value of the apparent elongational viscosity was about 10 - 20 kPa·s regardless of the draw ratio.
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  • Studies on The Excavated Archaeological Textile Fibers Using Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
    -The Utility of ionic liquid for the SEM Observation of Natural fibers-
    Masayoshi Okuyama, Masanori Sato, Masanori Akada
    2011 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 47-52
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.47
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The ionic liquid is a salt which is usually liquid at room temperature. The vapor pressure of ionic liquid is so low that vaporization during experiment is disregarded. The utility of ionic liquid was revealed for the prevention of charge up phenomenon of fiber samples in the SEM observation. The ionic liquid used in this investigation was 1-ethyl3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMI-BF4). The textile samples were modern hemp, silk and excavated fibers from a tumulus (early Kofun Period) in Nara prefecture. Prior to the SEM observation, fiber samples were soaked in 0.1 M EMI-BF4 /ethanol solution for 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes, respectively. The all of soaked samples showed distinct SEM images compared with that of Au-sputtered procedure irrespective of soaking time. The modern silk fibers showed however clear SEM images only at low magnification. Besides, the SEM images were distorted at high magnification due to the charge up phenomenon. Though excavated samples also gave clear SEM images, they were separately investigated by FT-IR microscopy to find out any changes in chemical composition before and after soaking treatment. Any appreciable changes were not found even after soaking. In summary, EMI-BF4 soaking was superior to prevent the charge up phenomenon of fibers and hence to obtain clearer SEM images compared with that of Au-sputtering procedure. Besides, in connection with the versatility of sample preparation procedure, EMI-BF4 is an appropriate reagent for SEM observation of textile materials.
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