Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 69, Issue 11
No.11 (2013) Journal of the Society of Fiber Science and Technology
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Reviews and News
Foreword
Special Issue on Fibers for Rehabilitation 1
Serise of Cultural Tradition Associated with Festivals 8
Serise of Historical Reviews of Japanese Textile Industry Supported by the Technology-History of the Production,Sales,and Product Development-3
Report
Original Articles
Transaction
  • Dyeing Performance of Coconut Charcoal Polyester Fabric
    Dong Xia, Lijing Wang
    Article type: Original Articles
    Subject area: Transactions
    2013 Volume 69 Issue 11 Pages 205-212
    Published: November 15, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.69.205
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Fiber spun from synthetic polymer and charcoal particle mixture is a new functional textile material that has improved performance compared to fiber made from the polymer alone. For textile applications, it is important to understand the coloration of fabrics from the charcoal fiber. This paper investigated the dyeing performance of coconut charcoal polyester fabrics. Compared to a regular polyester fabric dyed in the same bath with disperse dyes, the coconut charcoal polyester fabric dyed darker with a higher K/S value. With the addition of coconut charcoal into the polymer during the polyester spinning process, the resultant fiber has improved dyeing performance and can be effectively dyed at 100℃ dyeing temperature with a carrier.
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  • Improvements in Heat Resistance of Cellulose Fiber by Surface Silylation
    Ha Si, Haruhiro Ino, Teruo Kimura, Akihiro Suzuoka
    Article type: Original Articles
    Subject area: Transactions
    2013 Volume 69 Issue 11 Pages 213-221
    Published: November 15, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.69.213
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this study, an improvement in the heat resistance of cellulose fibers was achieved via the introduction of thermally stable siloxane bonds (Si-O), which were formed by promoting the reaction of cellulose hydroxyl groups with an organo-silicon compound. Currently, there are a number of green composite materials based on the system of cellulose fiber reinforcement and thermoplastic resin matrices. However, the heat application in the molding process introduces important issues for these materials-such as the easy degradation of cellulose fibers, during which they become weak, discolored and odorous. Here, the heat resistance improvement of cellulose in the green composite at around the molding temperature (160-240℃) is discussed. The heat-resistant, modified cellulose was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and tensile testing. The SEM and XPS results show that the surfaces of the samples are smooth, with no significant change in the diameters of the cellulose fibers upon Si introduction. After heat treatment of the modified cellulose fibers at temperatures ranging from 160 to 240℃, the deterioration of the tensile strength of the modified cellulose fibers was suppressed. The tensile test and TG analysis also indicated that the degree of degradation of the cellulose fibers decreases with increasing organo-silicon weight fraction.
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  • Functionalization of Cotton Fabrics by TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation
    Yoshinari Yui, Chiaki Tanaka, Akira Isogai
    Article type: Original Articles
    Subject area: Transactions
    2013 Volume 69 Issue 11 Pages 222-228
    Published: November 15, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.69.222
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    A cotton fabric was oxidized using either TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO or TEMPO/Na2SO4/NaClO system in water at pH 10 under various conditions. Carboxylate contents increased from 0.06 to 0.30-0.44 mmol/g through the TEMPO-mediated oxidation, while viscosity-average degrees of polymerization (DPv) decreased from 2200 to 1000-1220; remarkable depolymerization was inevitable during the oxidation. Because degrees of whiteness reduction of TEMPO-oxidized cotton fabrics after heating treatment were clearly decreased by post-NaBH4 treatment, small amounts of C2/C3 ketone groups are likely to be present in the TEMPO-oxidized cotton fabrics, which may have caused the whiteness reduction after heating treatment. When the TEMPO/Na2SO4/NaClO system was used, carboxylate contents of the TEMPO-oxidized cotton fabrics were a little lower than those prepared using the conventional TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system. However, the TEMPO/Na2SO4/NaClO-oxidized cotton fabrics had still sufficient amounts of carboxylate groups, and higher DPv values and lower degrees of whiteness reduction after heating treatment than those of the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO-oxidized cotton fabrics; the TEMPO/Na2SO4/NaClO oxidation system has some advantageous points in terms of suitable functionalization of cotton fabrics as clothing materials. The different whiteness reduction behavior between the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO- and TEMPO/Na2SO4/NaClO-oxidized cotton fabrics was explained in terms of different distribution of carboxylate groups in fiber cross-section of TEMPO-oxidized cotton fabrics prepared using the two different oxidation systems; the cotton fibers in the TEMPO/Na2SO4/NaClO-oxidized cotton fabrics had more homogeneous distribution of carboxylate groups in the fiber cross section. The TEMPO-oxidized fabrics with 0.31-0.32 mmol/g carboxylate contents had sufficient burst strength and stiffness values for clothing materials, and clear deodorant efficiencies to ammonia and acetic acid gases even after 100 repetitions of laundry treatment. Thus, TEMPO-oxidized cotton fabrics have potential application as functional clothing materials.
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Note
  • Saccharification and Ethanol Fermentation for Bioethanol Production from Alkali Pretreated Cotton Available for Practical Equipment
    Kenji Nakamura, Masaki Takao
    Article type: Original Articles
    Subject area: Note
    2013 Volume 69 Issue 11 Pages 229-234
    Published: November 15, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.69.229
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Various saccharification and fermentation conditions were examined to produce bioethanol efficiently from cotton. These conditions indicate liquor-to-sample ratios, amount of cellulase addition, amount of acetic acid buffer solution and the pH of acetic acid buffer solution. These conditions were varied within the range of practical conditions which can be achieved for a dyeing equipment. Furthermore, we adopted room temperature and short time alkali soaking as a pretreatment method. This method also can be achieved for a dyeing equipment. As a result of examinations, we got an optimized condition that was pH 5.0, 20% of cellulase addition for cotton's weight and we also cleared the relationship between liquor-to-sample ratios and obtained glucose concentration through a saccharification. The efficiency of ethanol fermentation was found to be 66-75% of theoretical yield.
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