The self-assembly and gas permeability properties of polyphenylacetylene derivatives were investigated as a function of the side-chain structures. When 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene (TCBD) units were introduced into the side chain of poly(4-substituted phenylacetylene) derivatives by the [2+2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reaction, a remarkable morphology change was observed in the atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of their cast films. The precursor polyphenylacetylene showed an unstructured homogeneous surface image, while the 50 mol% TCBD-adducted polymer formed fibrous nanoobjects. Furthermore, the fully TCBD-adducted polymer exhibited a spherical morphology. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of these thin films suggested peaks ascribed to the side chain lengths. The gas permeability and diffusion coefficients of O₂ and N₂ were measured using the self-standing polymer membranes. The O₂ permeability (P_O2) was 2.6-2.9 times greater than the corresponding N₂ permeability (P_N2) irrespective of the side-chain moieties. However, the diffusion coefficients were dramatically reduced by formation of the TCBD units, probably due to the decrease in the void spaces caused by the interactions with the nitrile groups. The different substitution patterns of the side-chain phenyl group also caused different properties.

As a result of analyzing for the components of clay minerals before and after coloration (XRF), it has been observed that the elements that are involved in colored silk are Fe, Cr, Ni and etc. Among them, Fe is proved to be the most important ingredient after coloration with an occupying ratio of 68%, and it turned out that Cr and Ni also have certain effects upon coloration. The optimal coloration condition can be made by repeating the process of immersing the silk fabric per 1 g in slurry of 8 g with clay mineral at 60 ̊C for 150 minutes and drying it for 24 hours, followed by rinsing it six times. As the repetition frequency of this coloration process increased, the (K/S)₄₁₀ value of both sample A and sample B has been increased from 0.9 to 2.1 and 0.9 to 1.9 respectively.Thecoloration in this experiment has been done four times. Thus, repetition of this coloration process is very significant. Especially both rinsing and drying process are important for raising coloration level. Also, this study showed that, under the optimum condition of fabric coloration with clay,excellent results could be expected for the tests of rubbing, color fastness to light, perspiration, and antibiotic.

We have focused on that any hair tresses can be molded into a new shape by the water set process. If the distortion of some disulfide bonds generated during the water set process is removed while retaining its shape, the waving style should be retained permanently. According to this hypothesis, we have conducted a waving process which we have proposed newly as follows: (1) shampooing a small hair tress, (2) winding the tress on the rod, (3) keeping for 20 minutes in oven of 35 ̊C, (4) adequate drying by the dryer, (5) applying a reducing agent at 35 ̊C for 2 min, (6) rinsing with tap water for 1 min, (7) adequate drying by the dryer, (8) applying a neutralizing agent at 35 ̊C for 2 min, and (9) rinsing with tap water for 1 min. As a result, it was verified that the waving shape of straight hair could be achieved permanently by the newly proposed process,as was confirmed by the phenomenon that the waving hair tress was more resistant to immersion treatment in boiling water for 30 sec. This fact suggests that the cleavage of the distorted disulfide bonds in cuticle cells is to reduce the restoring forces present in the fiber surface, resulting in stabilizing the hair structure in the wave configuration. It should be noted that the most important factor in this new process is that the nonkeratin protein chain of the whole hair fiber is repositioned by eliminating the distortion of the internal structure caused by winding, and furthermore that the cleavage of the distorted disulfide bonds in cuticle cells serves to remove the restoring forces localized to the fiber surface layer and simultaneously results in the stabilize hair style in wave. Consequently, these results convince us that the newly proposed waving process is of the effective process that may formed the permanent hair wave that persist after shampooing.