In recent years, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fabrics has been widely used in many fields, such as industrial field and clothes, based on the excellent mechanical characteristics and chemical resistance. On the other hand, to introduce the new functions, the modification of these fibers and textiles by radiation induced graft polymerization has been studied. However, it is not easy to graft functional polymer chains onto PET fibers, because PET fibers possess high chemical resistance and thermal stability, as well as the relatively high resistance to radiation.
We have adapted the new method of electron beam grafting using the film bag which can be vacuumed and sealed by heating the film bag to avoid exposure. This method can read to high degree of grafting by preventing the decrease of generated radicals in polymer. Emulsion grafting was tried by this film bag method. When the molecular weight ratio between the GMA (glycidyl methacrylate) conc. and the activator conc. was 180 or more, the degree of grafting was greatly improved.
This phenomenon is considered as follows. At high surfactant concentrations in aqueous solution, GMA is sufficiently emulsified, and is the droplet of the stable hydrophilic surface. However, at low surfactant concentrations in aqueous solution, droplets of GMA canʼt be completely emulsified, it becomes unstable hydrophobic surface, and increase the GMA dissolved in the aqueous solution. Accordingly, it was considered that the degree of grafting was increased by the high sorption of GMA to the hydrophobic PET fibers.
Also, PET film could get the high degree of grafting compared with polyethylene (PE) for the material of the film bag used as a reaction container. Because the film-bag made of polyethylene is easily generated the polymer radicals by irradiation, and therefore, the degree of grafting on fiber decrease by the monomer consumption on the films.
As a result, 27％ of grafting degree was obtained at the 20 wt％ GMA emulsion with 0.3 wt％ Span 20 under the low 100 kGy dose by the vacuum sealed method using the PET film-bag.

Approximately three grams of black colored air-stabilized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber, namely PYROMEX (PYR), containing nitrogen element was activated by steam at 800̊C to develop porosity and thermally treated at 900-1000̊C in helium to convert a part of nitrogen species to quaternary nitrogen (N-Q) using various combinations of the steam and thermal treatments in a 25 φinner diameter quartz tube, and adsorption capacity of nitrate anion from aqueous solution was measured. Steam activation at 800̊C by 20 mL water charge and consecutive heat treatment at 950̊C for 30 min (PYR-8ST20-9.5HT30) showed the largest nitrate adsorption capacity of 0.64 mmol/g among all prepared adsorbents. Effect of solution pH on nitrate adsorption was also investigated at the initial nitrate concentrations of 0.85-5.06 mmol/L for PYR-8ST20- 9.5HT30 compared with thermal treated cellulose based ACF at 950̊C for 30 min (KF1500-9.5HT30). The adsorption amount of nitrate on PYR-8ST20-9.5HT30 was always greater than that on KF1500-9.5HT30 at any condition examined in the experiments in spite of specific surface area of PYR-8ST20-9.5HT30 being less than half of KF1500-9.5HT30. Langmuir type adsorption isotherms of nitrate could be applied at pH range from 3 to 6.Maximum adsorption capacities of PYR-8ST20-9.5HT30 and KF1500-9.5HT30 calculated from the isotherms were 0.56-0.72 and 0.50-0.61 mmol/g, respectively, altering the values depending on the solution pH. The higher adsorption capacities could come from the greater amount of nitrogen, particularly quaternary nitrogen (N-Q),and the less oxygen that would work as inhibitor sites for nitrate adsorption, on PYR-8ST20-9.5HT30 than KF1500-9.5HT30.

A technique for the ecological dyeing of polyester fabric is mentioned in this article. 3-(methacryloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane is used to modify the polyester, and then the modified polyester is grafted with a modified hydroxyethylsulphone reactive dye by ultraviolet light irradiation at ambient temperature for a short period. The samples are characterized by FTIR and SEM. The effects of silane modification parameters and grafting parameters on color difference of graft dyed polyester fabrics are discussed. The physical properties of modified and graft dyed polyester fabrics are tested. The result shows that good dyeing properties are achieved. The tensile strength, bending rigidity and stiffness of the modified polyester and graft dyed polyester are improved, but the air permeability is decreased.