Forcibly spinning was applied to fully grown Bombyx mori silkworm larvae, and the higher-order structure of the as-spun filaments was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and wideangle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The FT-IR spectra of the as-spun filaments were similar to those of naturally spun cocoon filaments. This indicated that the forcibly spun filaments were comprised of β-sheets. However, FT-IR spectra were obtained under ATR mode. Thus, the spectra basically reflected the structure of sericin layer as well as inside fibroin. In the WAXD diagram of forcibly spun filaments, 002 and 101 reflections of the silk-1 crystal were overlapped on the silk-2 crystal reflections, while only silk-2 crystal modification occurred in naturally spun ones. The preferential silk-2 crystal modification was disordered although the shear force loaded by the forcibly spinning on the liquid silk in the duct of a silkworm was thought to be high enough to allow modification for the preferred silk-2 crystal. In addition, the sericin layer of the forcibly spun filaments was so brittle that numerous cracks were generated perpendicular to the fiber axis when the filaments were slightly stretched, suggesting that molecular orientation in the sericin layer of the forcibly spun filaments was extremely low. These structural changes observed in the forcibly spun filaments are due to the interference of forcibly spinning with the naturally spinning system of a Bombyx mori silkworm. For further understanding the inherent spinning system of a Bombyx mori silkworm, the schematic representation was proposed based on the previous studies, and the structural changes observed in the forcibly spun filaments were discussed in relation to the fiber formation process.

There are many reports on oxidative polymerization reaction mechanism of oxidation dye intermediates so far. Among them, there is the theory that it is not necessary to oxidatively polymerize oxidation dye intermediates on the surface or inside the hair when dyeing on the hair. This study was carried out to clarify the dyeability of oxidation dye to hair and the possibility of hair dyeing method using oxidation dye. First, the oxidation dye intermediates were oxidized and polymerized in advance to obtain oxidation dyes. The dyeing was carried out by two types of dyeing methods, a pre-oxidation method using an oxidation dye and an oxidation method which oxidizes an oxidation dye intermediate. Hair stained with oxidation dye of p-aminophenol(pAP) / p-amino-o-cresol(pAOC) coupling dye became bright orange, and hair stained by oxidative polymerization of pAP and pAOC became dull orange. The surface reflectance curve and the K / S time curve of the oxidation dye showed that it was dyed with the same dyeing mechanism as the disperse dye common to hair. Furthermore, it was confirmed that it can be dyed in various hues similarly to the method of dyeing by oxidatively polymerizing the oxidation dye intermediate, when dyeing by mixing the oxidation dye. We also confirmed that the oxidative dye stains the cuticle and its adjacent cortex area. Multiplicity of use of oxidation dye as a dyeing agent is high, and it is expected to be applied to future dyeing agents.