All issues
Volume 100 (1992)
- Issue 6 Pages 465-
- Issue 5 Pages 367-
- Issue 4 Pages 279-
- Issue 3 Pages 173-
- Issue 2 Pages 97-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 100, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Tomoji YANAGITA1992 Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages 97-107
Published: August 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe technical term 'drug dependence' was officially adopted by WHO's Expert Committee on Addiction in 1964. Until this, to describe a state of dependence, terms such as 'poisoning', 'habit', 'ism', and 'addiction' had been used from time to time. Until the 1950's, investigators were mainly focussed on the phenomena of physical dependence. However, once the concept of psychic dependence had been introduced, behavioral and neuropharmacological studies on the modes of drug action that produce psychic dependence were activated and have progressed in the last two decades, and among the points clarified by these studies are the following : 1. The critical drug properties that produce psychic dependence are those of rewarding subjective and reinforcing effects of drugs but these effects are not the properties that produce physical dependence, although the development of physical dependence on particular drugs such as opiates may substantially enhance craving for the drugs. 2. The mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine systems in the brain and also the N. Accumbens play a primary or at least a partial role in producing the subjective and reinforcing effects of major dependence-producing drugs such as cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and ethanol. 3. Many drugs such as naltrexone, methadone, and some dopamine antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors or antagonists were found to be effective in the pharmacotherapy of the dependence on opiates, cocaine, or ethanol.View full abstractDownload PDF (2175K) -
Noriko YAMAMOTO, Koichi YOKOTA, Akira IKEGAMI, Akira YAMASHITA, Keizo ...1992 Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages 109-116
Published: August 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hemorheological effect of KB-2796, 1- [bis (4-fluorophenyl) methyl] -4- (2, 3, 4-trimethoxybenzyl) piperazine dihydrochloride, was studied in guinea pigs and rabbits in comparison with those of flunarizine (FNZ) and pentoxifylline (PXF). KB- 2796 and FNZ at 10-100 μM dose-dependently prevented crenation of rabbit erythrocytes induced by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. After incubation of guinea pig whole blood at 37°C, blood micropore-filterability decreased and blood viscosity increased with the progress of erythrocyte crenation. After a 4-hr incubation, KB-2796 inhibited erythrocyte crenation and decreased blood filterability at a concentration of 30μM, and it increased blood viscosity at 10 μM. Treatment with FNZ (30 μM) and PXF (100 pM) also inhibited erythrocyte crenation and decreased blood filterability. Intravenous administration of KB-2796 at 3 mg/kg significantly inhibited the decrease of blood micropore-filterability after occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries in rabbits. Although FNZ (3 mg/kg, i.v.) had no effect, PXF (3mg/kg, i.v.) produced significant inhibition. These results suggest that KB-2796 prevents increase of blood viscosity and decrease of blood filterability by inhibiting the crenation of erythrocytes and suggest that this effect may be useful for the improvement of hemorheology in ischemic disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (1366K) -
Zhenjiu WU, Takeo AWAJI, Shigeru MOTOMURA, Keitaro HASHIMOTO1992 Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages 117-126
Published: August 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antiarrhythmic and direct cardiovascular effects of the new antiarrhythmic agent KW-3407, 5- [[2- (diethylamino) ethyl] amino] -7-methoxy-5, 11 -dihydro [1] benzoxepino [3, 4-b] pyridine 1.5 fumarate, were examined. To evaluate antiarrhythmic effects, two-stage coronary ligation-, digitalis-and adrenaline-induced spontaneously occurring arrhythmias were used. KW-3407, 20 mg/kg/10 min, suppressed these three arrhythmia models, similar to flecainide, mexiletine and phenytoin. The antiarrhythmic plasma concentrations, IC50, of KW-3407 for 24-hr and 48-hr coronary ligation-, digitalis- and adrenaline-induced arrhythmias were 18.1, 14.4, 18.3 and 21.4 /semi, respectively; and these values were similar to one another. In the canine blood perfused atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial node and papillary muscle preparations, KW-3407 decreased the sinoatrial rate and contractile force, and increased the coronary blood flow and AV conduction times, but these effects were weaker than those of disopyramide and flecainide and were short-lived. These results indicate that KW-3407 can be expected to become a clinically useful antiarrhythmic drug.View full abstractDownload PDF (5282K) -
Yasuharu HIRAI, Shin-ichi MORISHITA, Chihiro ITO, Matao SAKANASHI1992 Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages 127-135
Published: August 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of bufadienolides such as bufalin (BF) and cinobufagin (CB), the main components of Senso (Ch'an Su) , on myocardial Na+, K+-ATPase activity, the cardiotonic activity in vivo and the action potential of isolated guinea pig papillary muscle cells were compared with those of other cardiotonic drugs. 1) The rank order of potency for inhibition of myocardial Na+, K+-ATPase activity was BF >digoxin (DG) > digitoxin (DT) > telocinobufagin > gamabufotalin > cinobufotalin > CB > g-strophanthin (GS) > digitoxigenin (DTG) > resibufogenin (RB) when compared at the 50% inhibitory concen tration. 2) In isolated papillary muscle cells, CB shortened the action potential duration (APD) dose dependently. The order of potency for shortening of APD was GS > CB > DTG>>DT. 3) In open-chest guinea pigs, intraduodenal administration of BF or CB increased the myocardial contractile force (MCF), but did not affect the heart rate. The order of potency for increase in MCF was as follows : methyldigoxin, proscillaridin > BF > CB >DG> Senso>>DT, DTG, RB. These results indicate that CB has a shortening effect on APD and an inhibitory effect on Nat, K+-ATPase activity along with its car diotonic effect, like GS.View full abstractDownload PDF (1328K) -
Masamitsu SAKAMORI, Shuzo TAKEHARA, Michihide SETOGUCHI1992 Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages 137-142
Published: August 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe binding of Y-25130 on serotonin 3 (5-HT3) receptors was evaluated by examining its effect on 3H-BRL 43694 (3H-granisetron) binding to rat cerebral cortex membranes in comparison with those of granisetron, ondansetron and metoclopramide. Y-25130, granisetron, ondansetron, metoclopramide, 5-HT and 2-methyl-5-HT displaced the specific binding of 3H-granisetron to the synaptosomal membranes in a concentration-dependent manner. The rank order of potency for inhibition of 3H-granisetron binding by the test compounds was Y-25130≅granisetron > ondansetron> 2-methyl- 5-HT≅5-HT≅metoclopramide. To determine the manner of interaction between Y-25130 and 5-HT3 receptors, Scatchard analysis of 3H-granisetron specific binding to the membranes of the cerebral cortex in the absence or presence of various concentrations of Y-25130 was performed. It was indicated that Y-25130 exerted a typical competitive-type inhibition of 3H-granisetron binding. The present study indicates that Y-25130 binds competitively to 5-HT3 receptors with high affinity.View full abstractDownload PDF (938K) -
The effects of cardiac glycoside and asebotoxin III.Yoshihiro HOTTA, Hiroaki ANDO, Ryo ETO, Kazumi TAKEYA, Mitsumasa HARUN ...1992 Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages 143-150
Published: August 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntra-and extracellular sodium in guinea pig erythrocytes was evaluated with sodium-23 nuclear magnetic resonance (23Na-NMR) by the use of a shift reagent, Dy (TTHA) 3-or Dy (PPPi)27-. The test medium contained erythrocytes at 40% hematocrit level and NMR buffer (145 mM NaCl, 10 mM Dy (T-THA) 3-, 10% D2O, adjusted to pH 7. 4 with tris, at 35°C). NMR spectra were obtained with a JEOL GSX 400 spectrometer operating at the Fourier transform mode of resonance signals, and the accumulated signals provoked by radio-frequency pulses of 90° were recorded on paper. Quantitative Na determination was performed by measuring the area under the peak of intracellular sodium (Nai) NMR signals. Ouabain (Oua : 0.3 mM) and asebotoxin-III (ATX-III : 0.3 mM) produced an increase in NaiNMR signals to a level of 188. 1% and 138. 1% of the control, respectively. Combined use of Oua (0.15 mM) and ATX-III (0.15 mM) produced an elevation of Nai concentration to a high level of 219.0% of the control in a superadditive manner. Mechanisms of the Nai elevation with Oua and ATX-III can be interpreted by assuming two different actions : ATX-III increases net Na+-influx via Na+ channels, while Oua inhibits the pumping out of Na+from the cell.View full abstractDownload PDF (1075K) -
Yukisumi IIZUKA, Eiichi SAKURAI, Noboru HIKICHI1992 Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages 151-156
Published: August 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the effects of selenium (Se) on the serum glucose and insulin levels in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) and pancreatectomized rats. Moreover, the direct action of Se on insulin release from the isolated pancreatic islets using a slight diabetic rat was studied. The following results were obtained : 1) Selenite at a dose of 173 μg/kg (78.9 μg/kg of Se base equivalent) drastically reduced the very high level of serum glucose in acute diabetic rats within 5 to 30 min after treatment. During this time period, the insulin level in the serum showed an increasing tendency. 2) The high serum glucose level in chronic diabetic rats returned to the original level with injection of selenite for 4 days, once a day. However, Se did not elicite a significant increase in serum insulin level. 3) Although there was a tendency for the serum glucose level to decrease when selenite was administered into pancreatectomized rats, no secretion of insulin into the serum was observed. 4) Insulin release from isolated pancreatic islets was dose-dependently accelerated by the addition of selenite. These data present the new finding that Se reduced the high level of serum glucose in diabetic rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (913K) -
Rie MATSUDA, Koji NISHIZAWA, Osamu INOUE, Yuji SAITO, Akira SUZUKI, Ta ...1992 Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages 157-163
Published: August 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of Kamikihi-To (KMK), a traditional Chinese medicine, on autonomic imbalances were evaluated in SART-stressed (repeated cold-stressed) mice. These animals exhibited decreases in pain threshold and contraction of duodenum by acetylcholine, and they showed changes in their electrocardiogram and hematological parameters. All symptoms are thought to be caused by dysautonomia. KMK in dosages of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg were administered to mice once a day for 8 consecutive days. SART stress was induced from the second day. KMK prevented the decrease in the pain threshold and contraction of the duodenum, although it had no effect on the electrocardiographic or hematological changes.KMK had no similar effect on unstressed mice. This data suggests that KMK might be useful for the treatment of clinical autonomic imbalances.View full abstractDownload PDF (2612K) -
Masao SEIKI, Hiroyuki AITA, Shigeru UEKI, Tomoyuki YONETA, Toshihiko T ...1992 Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages 165-172
Published: August 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the effects of Z-103, ZnSO4, L-carnosine and solcoseryl on wound healing by dermal incision in guinea pigs. The tensile strength, hydroxyproline contents and the value of angiogenesis (carmine contents) at the wounded site of dorsal skin were used as indices of wound healing. Z-103, given daily s.c., increased the tensile strength and hydroxyproline contents on day 4 after operation in a dosedependent manner; in particular, the effect of 10 mg/kg of Z-103 was nearly equal to that of solcoseryl at 0.5 ml/ animal. Moreover, Z-103 10 mg/kg increased the value of angiogenesis on day 3 after the operation. On the other hand, ZnSO4 and L-carnosine, components of Z-103, also similarly increased. the tensile strength and hydroxyproline contents. These results suggest that Z-103 possessed an accelera tive action on wound healing, and these effects may be due to the activity of its components, ZnSO4 and L-carnosine.View full abstractDownload PDF (1275K) -
1992 Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages b1-b29
Published: August 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (4856K) -
1992 Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages b31-b60
Published: August 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (4896K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|