Folia Pharmacologica Japonica
Online ISSN : 1347-8397
Print ISSN : 0015-5691
ISSN-L : 0015-5691
Volume 101, Issue 5
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • Masamichi SATOH
    1993 Volume 101 Issue 5 Pages 289-298
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The roles of substance P (SP), somatostatin (SST), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin and glutamic acid, which are contained in the primary afferents, in nociceptive transmission at the spinal dorsal horn are described. In the experiments using the in situ perfusion technique in a localized area of the rabbit spinal dorsal horn and radioimmunoassay, mechanical or thermal noxious stimulation of the skin, which did not produce severe inflammation like edema, selectively increased the release of immunoreactive SP or SST into the same perfusates, respectively. Intrathecal injection of synthetic SP or SST in rats selectively produced an hyperalgesia to mechanical or thermal noxious stimulation, respectively. Intrathecal injection of antibody against SP or SST in rats, particularly in rats with inflammation, inhibited the mechanically or thermally-induced nociception, respectively. These data suggest that SP and SST separately play roles in transmission of mechanically and thermally induced nociceptive information, respectively. Furthermore, it was suggested that CGRP and galanin probably act on the capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents to increase the activated release of endogenous SP from their terminals, and consequently, processing of nociceptive information induced by mechanical stimulation of the periphery is enhanced in the spinal dorsal horn. Furthermore, our data suggest that CGRP facilitates processing of thermal nociception in the spinal dorsal horn, maybe through increasing the release of SST. On the other hand, endogenous glutamic acid probably mediates the aversive responses induced by intrathecal SP in rats.
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  • Mayumi OOE, Kiyoshi ASANO, Keiichiro HAGA, Michihide SETOGUCHI
    1993 Volume 101 Issue 5 Pages 299-307
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the effect of Y-25130 on the intestinal fluid secretion induced by 5-HT and cholera toxin in rats. 1) Net fluid secretion was increased dose-dependently by intramesenteric artery infusion of 5-HT (1 ?? 10 μg/ min). 2) Y-25130 (0.01 ?? 1 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited the net fluid secretion induced by 5-HT (3 μg/min). Granisetron and ondansetron also inhibited the net fluid secretion induced by 5-HT. 3) Methysergide did not inhibit the fluid secretion, and neither atropine nor tetrodotoxin inhibited it. 4) Cholera toxin (1 ?? 10 μg/2 ml into jejunal loops) caused profuse net fluid secretion. 5) Y-25130 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited the net fluid secretion induced by cholera toxin (3 μg/2 ml). Granisetron was inhibitory and ondansetron tended to inhibit the cholera toxin-induced secretion. These results suggest that 5-HT may increase the net fluid secretion through 5-HT3 receptors, and cholera toxin-induced fluid secretion may be at least partially mediated by 5-HT3 receptors. It is expected that Y-25130 may be useful for treating secretory diarrhea in humans.
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  • Toshinori HIDAKA, Kazuo AISAKA, Norio INOMATA, Mayumi FURUYA, Teruyosh ...
    1993 Volume 101 Issue 5 Pages 309-325
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The cardiovascular and diuretic actions of carperitide were studied in experimental animals. Carperitide relaxed various canine arteries and veins that were contracted by high K+ or norepinephrine. Carperitide stimulated particulate guanylate cyclase from rat thoracic aortas. Carperitide had almost no effect on coronary perfusion pressure or heart rate, but caused a slight decrease in contractile force in isolated guinea pig hearts. Carperitide tended to decrease isoproterenol-induced renin release from isolated rat kidney slices and elicited decreases in angiotensin II-induced aldosterone release from bovine zona glomerulosa cells. Intravenous injection of carperitide elicited decreases in arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance in the anesthetized and conscious dogs. Carperitide also elicited transient increases in cardiac output and coronary blood flow followed by slight decreases in them. Intravenous infusion of carperitide elicited decreases in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary pressure and right atrial pressure in association with elevating plasma carperitide (ANP like immuno-reactivity) level in dogs with heart failure induced by coronary artery occlusion and saline loading. These results suggest that carperitide decreases both preload and afterload and can improve the untoward hemodynamic alterations in animals with acute experimental heart failure.
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  • Sadao NAKAYAMA, Kuniya KOIZUMI, Koji IIJIMA, Makoto MAYANAGI, Katsuji ...
    1993 Volume 101 Issue 5 Pages 327-336
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of hot water extracts (HWEs) and distanninized fractions (DTFs) from 9 kinds of Labiatae herbs on rat hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase (APD) and aniline hydroxylase (ANH) were examined in vitro. The APD activity was inhibited by the HWEs from 6 herbs, of which the effect of HWE from Ogon was remarkable. The APD activity was increased by HWE from Shisoshi. The inhibitory effect of the HWE from Ogon was not different compared that of the DTF from Ogon, whereas the APD activity was decreased in the DTF from Shisoshi in comparison with that of the HWE. The ANH activity was inhibited by the HWEs from 7 herbs. Except in the case of Kakho and Shisoyo, the inhibitory effects of the HWEs were enhanced by these of the DTFs from the 7 herbs, of which the effect of DTF from Ogon was remarkable. LPO was inhibited by the HWEs from 8 herbs. Especially, HWE from Ogon strikingly inhibited LPO, and this effect was retained by the DTF from Ogon. The present results suggested that Ogon, which showed remarkable effects on LPO, and the activities of APD and ANH might also exert their effects in vivo.
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  • Tokuji HASEGAWA, Mayumi TSUJI, Sadao NAKAYAMA, Katsuji OGUCHI
    1993 Volume 101 Issue 5 Pages 337-347
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of formaldehyde (F), m-cresol (C), guaiacol (G), ethanol (E) and their mixture (FC, FCE, FG, FGE) on erythrocytes and isolated hepatocytes from rats and surface tension in water were examined. Hypotonic hemolysis of erythrocytes was inhibited by m-cresol, while guaiacol, formaldehyde and ethanol accelerated the hemolysis. Lower concentrations of the mixture inhibited hypotonic hemolysis, but higher concentrations accelerated hemolysis. Formaldehyde caused a decrease of transaminase (GOT, GPT) in the medium and hepatocytes. GOT and GPT in the medium were increased by m-cresol, but those in the hepatocyte were decreased by this agent. FC and FCE at 10 mM increased GOT in the medium, but FG and FGE decreased GOT. All mixtures decreased GOT and GPT in hepatocytes and GPT in the medium. All mixtures and formaldehyde inhibited GOT and GPT activity. Formaldehyde and m-cresol decreased hepatocyte viability. In the all mixtures-added hepatocytes, the viability was markedly lowered. Formaldehyde, m-cresol, guaiacol and ethanol caused a depression of surface tension, but the depressive effects of FG and FGE were weaker than that of guaiacol. These results suggest that the observed effects of the drug mixtures on erythrocytes and hepatocytes were the additive effects of the component drugs.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1993 Volume 101 Issue 5 Pages 349-354
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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