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Volume 80 (1982)
- Issue 6 Pages 417-
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- Issue 4 Pages 271-
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Volume 80, Issue 6
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Michio TERASAWA, Kazuhiro GOTO, Yutaka MARUYAMA1982 Volume 80 Issue 6 Pages 417-427
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe 48-hour passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and passive anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in rats induced by an IgE-like antibody against DNP-Ascaris were inhibited by intravenous treatment with traxanox sodium in a dose dependent manner. In both experiments, traxanox sodium was more potent than disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), especially as an inhibitor of bronchial anaphylaxis. In the PCA test of rats using a double sensitization technique according to the Orr's method, traxanox sodium was demonstrated not to inhibit antigen-antibody combination, but to inhibit the release of chemical mediators at a stage following antigen-antibody combination. Traxanox sodium inhibited the complement dependent immune hemolysis, but not the hypotonic hemolysis in vitro. However it failed to inhibit the Forssman anaphylaxis in the guinea pig in vivo. Traxanox sodium (50-250 mg/kg p.o.) showed an inhibitory effect on the direct passive Arthus reaction (DPAR) of the rats. Furthermore, it delayed the onset of the hyperacute form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and reduced mortality in the rats. DSCG was less effective on DPAR and EAE. In conclusion, traxanox sodium is considered to have a wider spectrum of anti-allergic activity than DSCG since it has a suppressive effect not only on the type I allergic reaction, but also on the type III and IV allergic reactions.View full abstractDownload PDF (4795K) -
Shizuo SHIOZAKI, Kazuhiro KUBO, Katsuichi SHUTO, Nobuhiro NAKAMIZO1982 Volume 80 Issue 6 Pages 429-439
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of flunarizine (1.25-5 mg/kg, i.v.), a cerebral vasodilator, on nystagmus were compared with those of cinnarizine (2.5-5 mg/kg, i.v.) and diphenidol (2.5-5 mg/kg, i.v.) in rabbits. Flunarizine produced significant decrease in the beat number and duration of caloric-induced nystagmus. On the other hand, cinnarizine and diphenidol decreased the beat number, but hardly shortened the duration. In the same way, these three drugs suppressed the amplitude of the corneocortical potential induced by optokinetic stimulation. However, flunarizine up to 5 mg/kg had no effect on central nystagmus induced by unilateral stimulation to the lateral geniculate body. Flunarizine (0.312-1.25 mg/kg, i.v.), cinnarizine (0.625-2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) and diphenidol (0.625-2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) markedly increased the blood flow in the radiating arteriole of cochlea in the anaesthetized guinea pig. The duration of their increasing activities was in the following order: flunarizine≥ cinnarizine>diphenidol. From these results, it is suggested that the suppression of nystagmus by flunarizine may be at least partly due to the favorable effect on microcirculation in the vestibular organ.View full abstractDownload PDF (5049K) -
Kenji OHMORI, Hidee ISHII, Katsuichi SHUTO, Nobuhiro NAKAMIZO1982 Volume 80 Issue 6 Pages 441-449
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of oxatomide and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on the histamine release from rat PEC and lung slices induced by antigen-antibody reaction, concanavalin A, compound 48/80 and A-23187. Oxatomide in the range of 1 μM to 10 μM inhibited the allergic histamine release from rat PEC and lung slices induced by antigen-antibody reaction in the presence of phosphatidyl-L-serine (PS). Although the inhibitory action of oxatomide was significant even at a concentration of 1 μM, the action did not increase with an increase in concentration of the drug. DSCG showed a concentration-dependent inhibition on the allergic histamine release from rat PEC and lung slices in the range of 10 μM to 100 μM. The histamine release from rat PEC induced by the combined treatment of concanavalin A and PS was inhibited by oxatomide (0.1 to 10 μM) and DSCG (10 to 100 μM). Oxatomide (up to 10 μM) showed no effect on the histamine release induced by compound 48/80, while DSCG in the range of 10 μM to 100 μM showed a concentration dependent inhibition of the release. Oxatomide at a concentration of 10 μM showed a significant inhibition on the histamine release induced by the calcium ionophore A-23187. On the other hand, DSCG had no effect on this reaction. Oxatomide at high concentrations did not stimulate the histamine release by itself.View full abstractDownload PDF (4024K) -
Hajime YASUHARA, Mayumi TONOOKA, Mitsuaki SAKASHITA, Sadao NAKAYAMA, K ...1982 Volume 80 Issue 6 Pages 451-461
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of propranolol on lipid metabolism were studied in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats at 5 weeks of age were used. Rats were given 5-10 mg/kg/day of propranolol subcutaneously or 10 mg/kg/day orally for 8 weeks. Serum non-esterified fatty acids and triglyceride were lowered in the oral treatment with propranolol but not changed in the subcutaneous one. Total serum cholesterol tended to decrease at the early weeks of treatment and increased at later weeks of treatment as compared with the control group. α-Lipoprotein was higher and β-lipoprotein was lower in propranolol-treated groups than that in the control group. Serum lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity and high density lipoprotein were higher in propranolol-treated groups at 1st and 8th week of treatment. Total cholesterol in the liver decreased at the 1st week of treatment, but tended to increase at the 8th week. Phospholipid in the liver increased at the 8th week of treatment, but triglyceride in the liver did not change. These results suggest that propranolol inhibits the hormone sensitive lipase activity through adenyl cyclase at the early weeks of treatment, but this effect is reduced by homeostasis at the later weeks of treatment. There were some differences in serum lipids and enzyme activities between the oral and subcutaneous treatments. This would be related to the first pass effect of propranolol.View full abstractDownload PDF (4207K) -
Tsutomu ISHIMORI, Kenji SHIRATSUCHI, Akihiro IZUMI, Norio HIMORI1982 Volume 80 Issue 6 Pages 463-469
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree kinds of β-adrenoceptor blocking agents were orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SH rats) from 5 to 13 weeks of age, and their effects on the development of hypertension and on peripheral sympathetic nervous system were investigated. In SH rats treated with the vehicle (2% Tween 80) for 8 weeks, systolic blood pressure increased from 132±1.3 to 179±2.7 mmHg (n=10). Treatment with propranolol (2×50 mg/kg/day p.o., n=8), pindolol (2×15 mg/kg/day p.o., n=8) and D-32 (2×15 or 2×50 mg/kg/day p.o., n=9) for 8 weeks slightly but definitely depressed the aforesaid development of hypertension, and their average reduction in systolic blood pressure was approximately 15 mmHg. In the pressor response to electrical stimulation of pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves, there was not any difference between SH rats treated with vehicle and β-adrenoceptor blocking agents (propranolol and D-32). P.o. administration of guanethidine or phentolamine, however, caused a slight hypotension and produced a significant reduction in the pressor response to electrical stimulation. SH rats treated with propranolol showed a leftward shift of the pressor response curve not to norepinephrine but to angiotensin II as compared with that obtained from vehicle treated SH rats. This phenomenon is probably due to the decreased renin release by the prolonged-treatment with drug. On the basis of these results, we could not obtain any clear evidence that the antihypertensive action exerted by β-adrenoceptor blocking agents resulted from some interference with the function of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.View full abstractDownload PDF (3419K) -
Katsuya OHATA, Tamotsu MURATA, Hirohiko SAKAMOTO, Kazuko INOUE, Motoki ...1982 Volume 80 Issue 6 Pages 471-480
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe general pharmacological properties of guanabenz (Wy-8678), a new centrally acting antihypertensive agent, on the central nervous system were studied in mice, rats and rabbits, and they were compared with those of clonidine. In mice, guanabenz (1-30 mg/kg, i.p.) showed overt sedation dose-dependently, like clonidine (0.3 or 1 mg/kg, i.p.). At doses (2.5-20 mg/kg, p.o.) not causing muscle relaxant action, guanabenz impaired rotarod performance, inhibited conditioned avoidance responses and maximum electroshock seizure, prolonged thiopental sleeping time, and lowered body temperature in rats. These central depressant effects were observed following oral administration of clonidine at much lower dose levels. In rabbits, neither guanabenz (5-20 mg/kg, p.o.) nor clonidine (0.5 or 1 mg/kg, p.o.) affected body temperature. These findings suggest that the central depressant activities of guanabenz, qualitatively very similar to clonidine, are much less potent than those of clonidine.View full abstractDownload PDF (4472K) -
Kenji OHMORI, Hidee ISHII, Yoshimi TAKEI, Katsuichi SHUTO, Nobuhiro NA ...1982 Volume 80 Issue 6 Pages 481-493
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment was carried out to elucidate the effectiveness of oxatomide for prophylaxis in the bronchial anaphylaxis and Schultz-Dale response. 1) Oxatomide administered i.v. was found to be as active as disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in inhibiting IgE-mediated active anaphylactic bronchoconstrictions in rats. In contrast to DSCG, oxatomide was effective when administered p.o. 2) Passive anaphylactic bronchoconstrictions in guinea pigs mediated IgG-like rabbit antibody against egg albumin was also prevented dose-dependently by treatment with oxatomide given p.o. and i.v., but not by DSCG. 3) Oxatomide and DSCG inhibited passive anaphylactic bronchoconstrictions in guinea pigs mediated by IgE-like antibody against BPO•BGG. 4) The anaphylactic reaction of the isolated guinea pig ileum, the so-called Schultz-Dale reaction, showed a bi-phasic response: a short, rapid contraction followed by a partial relaxation and a slow contractile response. Oxatomide significantly depressed both the rapid first contraction and the slow sustained one. 5) Oxatomide administered after the development of antigen-induced contraction of isolated guinea pig trachea resulted in relaxation. These results suggest that oxatomide may be effective for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.View full abstractDownload PDF (6148K) -
Kenji OKADA, Hirosato IMAI, Yoshiko TOGAWA, Masakatsu NOZAKI, Kaito TS ...1982 Volume 80 Issue 6 Pages 495-503
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of tiemonium iodide (tiemonium, 20 μg/kg), mepenzolate bromide (mepenzolate, 20 μg/kg), butylscopolamine bromide (butylscopolamine, 50 μg/kg) and atropine sulfate (atropine, 10 μg/kg) on the colonic motility in dogs were evaluated using a balloon method. The frequency of the wave motion was analyzed by fast Fourier transform, and the power spectra were obtained. The value of the first term of the power spectrum is regarded as an indication of the colonic tonus. Inhibitory effects of tiemonium on both the normal proximal colonic motility and the accelerating motility induced by neostigmine metylsulfate (neostigmine, 50 μg/kg) were equal to those of butylscopolamine. In the case of distal colonic motility, tiemonium showed potent mepenzolate-like inhibition. When the drugs were injected into the veins after administration of PGF2α (10 μg/kg), all of the drugs depressed the colonic constriction induced by PGF2α. The colonic motility was not restored by the administration of tiemonium or mepenzolate before the injection of PGF2α, but such an effect was not observed in the case of butylscopolamine and atropine. It is suggested that tiemonium shows an extensive inhibition on the colonic motility in the mode of mepenzolate-like action and by some additional mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (4126K) -
Katsuhiro FUCHINO1982 Volume 80 Issue 6 Pages 505-515
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWistar-Imamichi male rats were treated daily with diazepam (s.c.) in a dose of 0.2, 2, 5 mg/kg (D0.2-, D2-or D5-rats) or 5%EtOH, beginning on the 8th day until the 20th day after birth. 1) The developmental pattern of the coordinated motor activity in D-rats did not show any significant alteration from that in controls. 2) D2- and D5-rats showed a significant decrease in the activity counts of ambulation and rearing at 16 and 19 days of age in the open-field test. With acute administration of 0.5 mg/kg diazepam (i.p.) at 20 days of age, however, the decrease in the counts of ambulation and rearing was significantly lower in D-rats than that in normal and 5%EtOH-rats. 3) At 5 weeks of age, the effect of acutely administered diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was also less marked in D-rats. Incidences of ataxia by diazepam were 71.4% in D0.2, 33.3% in D2-rats and 88-100% in controls at 10 min. Thirty min later, none of the D-rats showed ataxia. 4) At 7 weeks of age, there was no significant difference in the response to acute diazepam administration among the groups. No effect of diazepam on the body growth and the time of eye-opening was detected. The present results indicate that chronic treatment with rather small doses of diazepam during an infantile period in the rat induces a long-lasting tolerance to diazepam.View full abstractDownload PDF (5303K) -
Hiroshi SUDA, Hideyasu YAMAUCHI, Tadashi ISO1982 Volume 80 Issue 6 Pages 517-523
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarrageenan-induced edema of rat paw was greatly potentiated by orally or locally administered angiotensin converting enzyme (CE, identical with kininase II) inhibitor, (4R)-3-[(2S)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (YS980). The potentiative effect of YS980 was observed by the administration not only prior to but also 3 hr after the carrageenan injection. The vascular permeability test showed the same potentiative effect of YS980 in the inflamed tissue of carrageenan edema. Bradykinin potentiating peptide-B (BPP-B) and 1, 10-phenanthroline also potentiated the edema and the effects of these compounds were in order of YS980>BPP-B>1, 10-phenanthroline. The order was in accordance with that of inhibitory potencies against kininase II activity of rat serum in vitro. However, the activity of kininase I was not affected by YS980 and BPP-B. In addition, among various experimental models of acute paw edema, the potentiative effects of YS980 were restricted to the inflammations mediated by kinins such as carrageenan, cellulose sulfate, kaolin and bradykinin-induced edema. These results suggest that the potentiative effect of YS980 on carrageenan edema is mainly based on its inhibitory effect on kininase II in the inflamed site.View full abstractDownload PDF (3192K) -
Tsutomu KAMEYAMA, Toshitaka NABESHIMA, Jiroh ITOH1982 Volume 80 Issue 6 Pages 525-535
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the auditory impairment induced by prenatal administration of aminoglycosides in the offspring, the shuttle box method to measure the auditory threshold of rats (Kameyama et al., Folia pharmacol. japon. 77, 15, 1981) was employed. Four groups of pregnant rats were administered 200 mg/kg kanamycin sulfate (KM), 200 mg/kg dihydrostreptomycin sulfate (DHSM), 100 mg/kg neomycin sulfate (NM), or 1 ml/kg saline intramuscularly from the 10th to the 19th day of pregnancy. The auditory threshold of the offspring could be measured by the shuttle box method in about 90% of the live born rats at the age of 100 days. The auditory thresholds of the groups were as follows (mean±S.E.): saline group, 53.8±0.6 dB (N=36); KM group, 63.8±1.1 dB (N=34); DHSM group, 60.0±1.2 dB (N=29); NM group, 62.4±1.2 dB (N=24). Auditory thresholds of drug-treated groups were significantly higher than that of the saline group. However, no increase in the auditory threshold of the mother rat was detected after treatment with aminoglycosides. In addition, the experimental procedure of the shuttle box method is very easy, and the auditory threshold of a large number of rats could be measured in a short period. These findings suggest that this method is a very useful one for screening for auditory impairment induced by prenatal drug treatment in rat offspring.View full abstractDownload PDF (5296K)
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