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Volume 81 (1983)
- Issue 6 Pages 469-
- Issue 5 Pages 323-
- Issue 4 Pages 267-
- Issue 3 Pages 175-
- Issue 2 Pages 105-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 81, Issue 4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Hiroshi KANETO, Nobuo KOSAKA1983 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 267-274
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing mice, drug solution-directed drinking behavior was investigated in the choice test between drug solution and tap water following various regimes of pretreatment. In the preliminary experiments, the concentration of the drug solution for the pretreatment and choice test and also the dose of injection was determined for each drug, depending on the amount of the drug to produce its CNS action without any undesirable toxic effect. The duration of pretreatment and the succeeding choice test was also settled as 6 days. Animals forcedly given morphine or cocaine as the drinking solution during pretreatment showed elevated preference for drug solution in the choice test. High grade preference was demonstrated for cocaine and amphetamine solution after pretreatment with injections of the drugs. Combined pretreatment potentiated the effect of these drugs. With barbital or ethanol, no appreciable reinforcing effect was found under the present experimental conditions. Thus, in addition to the experience with the drug solution, the injection of the drug facilitated the development of preference for the drug and demonstrates the positive reinforcing properties of the drugs which possess high grade psychic dependence liability. The validity of mice for the purpose of screening psychic dependence liable drugs and the restrictions on its application are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3919K) -
Masaru KUNITOMO, Kazuyo TAKAOKA, Junko MATSUMOTO, Hitomi IWAI, Yoshio ...1983 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 275-283
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAtherosclerotic lesions of aorta and arteries were induced in guinea pigs fed a diet supplemented with 1 % cholesterol and vitamin D2 (0.75 million IU/kg of diet) for 6 weeks. Histopathological observation revealed intimal proliferation and calcification of the intima and media, but no atheroma was present at the sites of arterial injury. However, the biochemical findings revealed marked accumulation of cholesterol, mainly esterified, and calcium in the aorta. Significant correlation between the calcium and phosphorus contents in the aorta indicates the presence of a probable calcium-phosphate complex. Synergism for the induction of atherosclerotic lesions was shown between high cholesterol and excess vitamin D2. Sodium 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate (cetaben) (90 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and trisodium ethane I -hydroxy 1, 1 -diphosphonate (EHDP) (5 mg/kg/day, s.c.) inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesions induced in this manner. These effects were associated with a significant reduction of serum and aortic cholesterol levels and a significant elevation of HDL-cholesterol levels caused by cetaben, and a significant reduction in aortic calcium caused by EHDP. These two drugs and clofibrate, however, had no significant effect on the regression of pre-established atheroscrelotic lesions.View full abstractDownload PDF (5379K) -
Susumu OKABE, Koji TAKEUCHI, Hiroko IKENISHI, Fusa OHMI, Akiko TAKAOKA1983 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 285-294
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne gram of SM powder consists of 167.8 mg of Coptidis Rhizoma Pulveratum, 250 mg of Cinnamomi Cortex Pulveratus, 67.1 mg of Foeniculi Fractus Pulveratus, 33.6 mg of Caryophylli Flos Pulveratus, 82.1 mg of Zingiberis Rhizoma Pulveratus, 3.4 mg of Zanthoxyli Fructus Pulveratus, and 396 mg of Glycyrrhizae Radix Pulberata. SM powder (2 g/kg, i.d.) significantly inhibited gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats and the development of Shay ulcers and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions. The mechanism of the anti-lesion activity of SM powder appears to be due to its antisecretory effect. SM powder also markedly inhibited ethanol or NaOH-induced gastric lesions at doses (30 or 100 mg/kg) which had little effect on gastric secretion. SM powder appears to have a cytoprotective activity which is unrelated to endogenous prostaglandin. However, SM powder had no effect on water-immersion stress or aspirin-induced gastric lesions and mepirizole-induced duodenal ulcers. Gentiana Radix Pulverata, used as a reference stomatic, had also an antisecretory effect and anti-lesion activity on Shay ulcers, aspirin-, ethanol and NaOH-induced gastric lesions. However, it had no effect on water-immersion stress- or indomethacin-induced gastric lesions and mepirizole-induced duodenal ulcers.View full abstractDownload PDF (4520K) -
Tadashi NAGAMATSU, Ryozi KOZIMA, Yoshio SUZUKI1983 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 295-303
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was studied whether PGE1 has antinephritic effects and whether massive doses of antigen combined with PGE1 influence the courses of serum sickness nephritis in rats. Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 180 g, were immunized subcutaneously twice with 3 mg/rat of rabbit serum albumin (RSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant before and after the intravenous injection of RSA. Serum sickness nephritis was produced by intravenous injection of 1 mg/rat of RSA every other day for 8 weeks. In the PGE1 alone group, the animals were subcutaneously given 400 μg/day of PGE1 for 30 days. Additionally, in the combination with antigen group, the animals were intravenously injected with 40 mg/rat of RSA with PGE1 (400 μg/day of PGE1) for 30 days. The effects of PGE1 and influence of antigen combined with PGE1 were judged by the measurements of biochemical parameters in urine and plasma and histological appearances of glomeruli. In both groups, mean amounts of protein in urine were decreased in comparison with that of control groups, although there was no significant difference statistically. The combination with antigen group had more rapid reduction of proteinuria than that of the PGE1 alone group. In the control group, the animals with more than 400 mg/day in proteinuria maintained this high level during the experimental period. In the PGE1 alone group, the animals with more than 400 mg/day in proteinuria showed decreased proteinuria with time course. On the other hand, in the combination with antigen group, the animals with more than 400 mg/day proteinuria showed rapidly reducing proteinuria until the 10th day, but thereafter proteinuria increased. Microscopic findings on the glomeruli showed that there was significant difference between the control group and the PGE1 alone group on the deposition of immune complex, thickening of capillary wall and spick formation on glomerular basement membrane. These changes became more prominent rather than less in the combination with antigen group. The PGE1 alone group showed significantly decreased numbers of mesangial cells and leucocytes in the capillary lumen as compared with those of the control group. From the above results, it was demonstrated that PGE1 could have anti-nephritic effects on serum sickness nephritis in rats and could be an antinephritic agent on immune complex type nephritis in humans.View full abstractDownload PDF (5116K) -
Kazunari KIMURA1983 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 305-313
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe substrate specificity and effects of oxygen concentration and inhibitors on dog liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase were investigated. MAO activity was determined by measuring oxygen uptake by Warburg's manometer. Dog liver mitochondrial MAO oxidized tyramine most strongly, but oxidation of serotonin, benzylamine and β-phenylethylamine by this enzyme was found to be very weak, showing less than 30% that of tyramine oxidation. Clorgyline and harmine showed slight inhibition of oxidation of all substrates used in this experiment; however, deprenyl and pargyline strongly inhibited the oxidation of tyramine. The affinity of MAO towards oxygen was found to be strongest with benzylamine as substrate and weakest with hexylamine, and it was intermediate with serotonin. The differences in affinities towards oxygen of this enzyme with various substrates were not changed with any MAO inhibitors added to the reaction mixture. These results suggest that MAO in dog liver mitochondria belongs to type B MAO because of the characteristic behavior of this enzyme to inhibitors. It is suggested that the multiplicity of MAO, which is characterized by substrate and inhibitor specificities, is different from the multiplicity, which is characterized by the affinities towards oxygen.View full abstractDownload PDF (4416K) -
Saizo YANAURA, Tomoo NISHIMURA, Miwa MISAWA1983 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 315-322
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the effects of centrally acting antitussive drugs, codeine and morphine, on the humoral immunity in the respiratory tract, male guinea pigs were immunized either systemically (i.p.) or locally (intratracheally, i.t.) with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The development of plaque-forming cells (PFC) was determined using the spleen (S-PFC) and tracheobronchial lymph node cells (T-PFC). (I) Number of S-PFC after i.p. immunization increased to the maximum on day 5. Peak number of S-PFC and T-PFC after i.t. immunization occurred on day 6. (II) i.p. immunization: The drugs were given i.p. for 5 days before or for 4 days after immunization. Morphine (5 mg/kg) given prior to the immunization decreased spleen cellularity. Pretreatments with codeine (15 mg/kg) and morphine (5 mg/kg) also markedly inhibited the number of S-PFC. These drugs given after the immunization hardly affected the number of S-PFC. (III) i.t. immunization: The drugs were given for 5 days before or after the immunization. Codeine (15 mg/kg) given prior to the immunization inhibited the number of S-PFC. Codeine (3, 15 mg/kg) and morphine (1, 5 mg/kg) given before and after the immunization markedly inhibited the number of T-PFC, dose-dependently. These results indicate that codeine and morphine affect the humoral immunity both locally in the respiratory tract and systemically, which cautions against an easygoing use in respiratory diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (3954K)
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