Modern anatomical terminology in Japan is said to start with the Kaitaisinnsyo: there is a mandibular head (Kagakusyoutou) and there is the Syoujyusya where there is movement before the ear. In 1895, the German Society of Anatomy unified the terminology, and in 1905 Suzuki Buntaro translated Japanese names and published them as "Kaibougakumeisyu". Here, there were Kagakukannsetu and Kagakuka. The revised 17th 1932 edition was led by the Japanese Association of Anatomists, and the Shyoujyukotu was changed to the temporal bone. The Japanese Association of Anatomists was also revised, and in 1944, the first edition of "Nomina Anatomica" was published. In the 2nd (Maruzen) edition of 1947, the Kagakukannsetu was changed to the Gakukannsetu, and it is considered to be the official version of anatomical terms. Meanwhile, Nomina Anatomica is the international anatomical terminology established at the 6th International Anatomist Congress in 1956. In Japan, it has been revised to the 7th edition (Nomina Anatomica Japonica) and has continued to the present. This article describes the transition of anatomical terms concerning the temporomandibular joint in Japan and the transition of disease names such as Chinese and Japanese temporomandibular dislocation in Japan.

Records on the manipulation reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation begin with the Edwin Smith Papyrus of BC, and lead to the closed reduction or manipulation method of Hippocrates. In this paper we extract questions about the manipulation reduction method called the Hippocrates' method and solve those questions. We also outline the record of excavation of the Sushruta of India and the Chinese Han dynasty.

Idiopathic/progressive condylar resorption (ICR/PCR) is a specific condition that affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and most commonly occurs in teenage girls. Both show rapid and severe condylar resorption. Although the specific cause of ICR/PCR has not been clearly identified, the following risk factors are identified from the literature and our clinic-statistical survey of orthodontic patients: age, gender, joint loading from orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, trauma, or parafunctional activity, and internal derangement of the TMJ. For the correct diagnosis and determination of whether ICR/PCR is active or inactive, the findings from clinical examination, intraoral examination, and radiographs are essential. However, no precise indications for diagnosis of active ICR/PCR have yet been identified. In future, further studies are required to identify not only environmental factors but also genetic factors, resulting in an integrated diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategy for ICR/PCR.

Currently, during treatment, it is necessary to provide EBM for patients. The results of clinical studies, which are known as high-quality evidence, can be collected from systematic reviews (SR) or randomized controlled trials (RCT). In SR, outcomes are already analyzed by meta-analysis. However, for RCT, it is critical to examine the certainty of estimated effect values. The "risk of bias" is one point that needs to be evaluated.

The "Primary Care Guideline for Temporomandibular Disorders" published by The Japanese Society for Temporomandibular Joint is the first guideline in Japan to adopt the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, and has been well received by both dental and medical experts.

In recent years GRADE has become regarded as a very reliable method for making clinical guidelines, and its use has become widespread globally.

However, as a practicing clinical dentist, when attempting to apply these guidelines in my daily work I sometimes cannot clearly understand "quality of evidence" and "strength of recommendation", both key categories in the guidelines.

To solve these questions, I participated in a workshop on clinical guidelines and also worked as a member of a committee putting together a new set of clinical guidelines from the ground up. Through hands-on experience in the guideline-making process I could clear up and further my understanding. As a fellow clinical dental practitioner, I hope to help my colleagues understand clinical guidelines better.