Soon after the formation of the Earth by collisional accretion of planetesimals in the primordial solar nebular, its interior has been differentiated gravitationally to form the central metallic core, silicate mantle and crust, atmosphere and ocean. The sequence of differentiation was very rapid during the formation and subsequent early history, since the interior has been maintained hot by the heating of accretional energy, gravitational energy of core-mantle separation and energy released by the radioactive neclides. The differentiation and interactions between the core, mantle, crust, atmosphere and ocean has been continued throughout the Earth's history less effectively but still a significant way.
The mode of interactions between the subsystems of the Earth includes mass transfer (geochemical cycle), electromagnetic interaction, and mechanical interactions such as angular momentum exchange, tidal interaction and convective flows and plate motions. Since these interactions have been maintained by the energy of radioactive nuclides and solar energy, the Earth system can be regarded as disequilibrium dissipated system with highly non-linear behavior. Many rhythmical variations in the Earth environments such as climate change, sea level change, geomagnetic variation, plate velocities and orogeny, volcanic and seismic activities are expected to show signatures of the non-linear dissipative systems. Specifically we expect the period bifurcation phenomena revealed in many non-linear systems would exist in the rhythmical variations in the Earth's history.
Here we reviewed the spectrum structures of galactic motions, solar activities, orbital motions of the Earth and planets with special reference to the Milankovitch cycles, the Earth rotatonal variation, geomagnetic variations, variations in the atmosphere and ocean phenomena, climate change, meteoroid impact and mass extinciton episodes, and then revealed nature of multi-sphere interactions in the Earth's history in the frequency domain. Some future problem to explore the nature and mechanisms in the multi-sphere interaction and evolution of the Earth were discussed.

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K-Ar ages of five hornblendes were determined for the Matsugadaira-Motai Metamorphics. They are dated as 479-524 Ma for three hornblendes and 225-239 Ma for two. The dated hornblendes from the Matsugadaira and Yamagami epidotea-mphibolites are barroisitic indicating high pressure type, and one hornblende of the Ohachimori amphibolites from the Motai Metamorphics retains igneous nature in its core. The values of the 479-524 Ma of two Ohachimori amphibolites and one of Matsugadaira epidote-amphibolite suggest the age of metamorphism, and are in harmony with the stratigraphic evidence. The 225-239 Ma ages of the Yamagami epidoteamphibolites suggest the effect of the Cretaceous granites or some other events.
The results of ca. 500 Ma age may constrain consideration of the tectonic regime of the Southern Kitakami Belt in pre-Silurian time.

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Mutsu-Hiuchidake (783.1m height) is a Quaternary composite volcano, situated at the northern part of Shimokita peninsula, Northeast Japan. The basement rocks are composed mainly of Tertiary lavas and pyroclastic rocks. Stratigraphic relationships among volcanic ejecta were established using wide-spread tephras and marine terrace deposits as key beds.
The volcanic activity are divided into two main stages. Older Hiuchidake stage: Before 0.10 Ma, the volcanic activity began with eruption of ash fall. Stratovolcano, composed of pyroclastic flows and lava flows, was formed. Younger Hiuchidake: After 0.08 Ma, the volcanic activity began. It is divided into three substages. The first stage of Younger Hiuchidake is characterized by pumice flow deposits, including a large amount of fragments. The first stage probably triggered land slide. The second stage consists of pyroclastic flows, most of which show strongly welding. The third stage, lava flows and lava dome were extruded from several centers.
Rocks of Hiuchidake volcano are mainly augite-hypersthene andesite and hornblende dacite. Hornblende phenocryst often occur in andesite.

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