GASTROENTEROLOGICAL ENDOSCOPY
Online ISSN : 1884-5738
Print ISSN : 0387-1207
ISSN-L : 0387-1207
Volume 34, Issue 11
Displaying 1-29 of 29 articles from this issue
  • Noboru OOHARA
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2527-2541
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Endoscopic ultrasound probe system named Sonoprobe System SP-101 (20MHz) (Fujinon. Co) was applied for the study of colorectal tumors, particularly early superficial cancer. The subjects were 32 specimens for experimental study and 50 patients with colorectal lesion (14 early superficial cancer). In the endoscopic ultrasonographic imaging, the colonic wall structure was divided into 9 layers. The lst-3th layers corresponded to the mucosa, the 4th layer to the muscularis mucosa, the 5th layer to the submucosa, the 6-8th layers to the muscularis propria, and the 9th layer to the serosa or adventitia. Accordingly we determined mucosal or submucosal cancer by judging whether the 4th layer was preserved or not. Based on this, the depth of cancer invasion was accurately diagnosed in 100% (14/14). The system was proved to be very useful for the diagnosis of depth of invasion in early superficial cancer.
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  • Masato MURAKAMI, Shigehiro KOKUBU, Sayuri YAMAGATA, Keiji SHIRASAKI, M ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2543-2551
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Porto-pulmonary venous anastomosis (PPVA) has been evaluated mainly by cineportography. We confirmed PPVA by endoscopic varicealography during injection sclerotherapy (EVIS), and studied its complications. In analyzing the EVIS, PPVA was disclosed in 10 of 230 patients with potal hypertension, 7 males and 3 females. Their ages ranged from 49 to 70 with a mean of 53.5. Nine cases had liver cirrhosis and one had primary biliary cirrhosis. There was no apparent correlation in the duration between the time when diagnosis was made and the time when PPVA was disclosed. In Child's classification, 2 cases were of Child A, 6 of B, and 2 of C. During angiography or EVIS, blood flow appeared hepatof ugal in most cases. Most of the varices in which PPVA was confirmed were of highly risky grade, but bleeding could be controlled in all the cases. In almost all the cases puncture site was confirmed in the lower esophagus, showing a gradient of 9 to 12 clockwise. Four cases had complications; 2 had transient headache, one had transient unconsciousness, and the remaining one had disturbance of consciousness and left hemiplegia. Two of the 4 had diabetes mellitus, and one had primary biliary cirrhosis. All the 4 cases developed cerebrovasucular complications immediately after injection, which indicate shunting to the left heart. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy should be conducted under varicealography, and when PPVA (which in seen is most of the extra esophageal shounts) is confirmed, certain measures should be taken such as endoscopic balloon be inflated with increasing the volume of air, changing the injection site, or selecting another method, for example, endoscopic variceal ligation.
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  • -A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE VERTICAL INVASION FOR A DEPRESSIVE LESION OF THE STOMACH-
    Kensei YAMAGUCHI, Hisao TAJIRI, Hiroaki ISHIZUKA, Atsushi KAWAGUCHI, M ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2552-2558
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Endoscopic treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) has been rapidly progressing and become common widely in recent days. Therefore, both the accurate diagnosis of the vertical invasion especially for a depressed lesion of the stomach and the exact evaluation for the therapeutic effect are required. Though the therapeutic effect on endoscopic treatment for EGC can be judged correctly by histopathological examination, other diagnostic approaches, which are safe, prompt and reliable, are thought to be necessary. We experimentally studied the possibility of differential diagnoses among four different layers of the gastric wall by means of Pulsed Photothermal Radiometry (PPTR). We developed a new fiber-optic PPTR method, in which an argon laser by pulse wave as an excitation light source was used and the thermal radiation from the surface was delivered through a As-S infrared glass fiber and observed by Au-Ge infrared detector. The detected signals were documented by a digital storage oscilloscope and the e-folding decay time was measured. This fiber has a 2mm external diameter and a 2m effective length. After the abdomen of a rabbit was surgically opened under the anesthesia, the greater curvature of the stomach was cut about 5cm in length, and the abovementioned PPTR method was performed. As a result, the e-folding decay time in each layer of the stomach was examined as follows: 119.06ms in the mucosa, 32.50ms in the submucosa, 38.77ms in the proper muscle and 33.98ms in the serosa. It was proved that the mucosal layer can be significantly differentiated from the other layers of the gastric wall. For clinically applying this method, several problems remain to be solved, such as an effet of mucus upon the mucosa, differencies of blood flow in each area and/or a distribution of parietal cells. When such a problem becomes to be solved clinically, this new fiber-optic PPTR method will play a definite role for diagnosing the vertical invasion of a depressed lesion and evaluating the therapeutic effect due to its simplicity and safety.
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  • Masahiko KUROKI, Hisao TAJIRI, Kensei YAMAGUCHI, Takuya HAYASHI, Masah ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2559-2564
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The tumor-localizing abilities of Gallium porphyrin complex (ATX-70) were assessed by means of high performance liquid chromatography. We used two kinds of tumors; one was transplanted tumor of human pancreatic carcinoma to BALB/cnu nude mice and the other experimental pancreatic carcinoma of golden hamsters induced by N-nitroso-bis-(2-oxypropyl) amine (BOP). In cases of nude mice, the concentration of ATX-70 was measured in tumor, liver, kidney, lung and skin at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after administration of 25mg/kg body weight of ATX-70 intraperitoneally (I.P.). On the other hand, in cases of golden hamsters, the concentration of it were measured in pancreatic carcinoma, liver, kidney, lung and normal pancreatic tissue, at 24 and 48 hours after administration of 10mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally and 3mg/kg body weight intravenously (I. V.). The results were as follows; 1) nude mice: The concentration of ATX-70 in tumor was 73.3±14.0 mg/kg (Acetone powder weight) and showed its peak level at 24 hours after administration. The concentration of ATX-70 in tumor was higher than it of skin or lung at 24 hours after administration. 2) golden hamsters: The concentration of ATX-70 in pancreatic carcinoma was 326±109mg/kg at 24 hours after administration of it I.P. and much higher than that of normal pancreatic tissue, kidney or lung. The concentrations of ATX-70 in tumor and other organs also showed almost same results after intravenous administration of it. These results suggest that ATX-70 may be useful as one of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy.
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  • -A BASIC STUDY IN MONGREL DOGS-
    Takayuki HIRANUMA, Kensuke TSUSHIMA, Shuya SHIMAKURA, Takashi YAMAGUCH ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2565-2575
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Acute gastric mucosal lesions associated with hepatic arterial embolization have been reported to arise chiefly from the backflow of embolic materials into the gastric arteries. We performed a basic study using mongrel dogs to clarify whether the incidence, morphology, and mechanism of onset of these lesions varied with different embolic substances. Various substances were infused into 5 groups of dogs via a gastroepiploic arterial catheter inserted by the Seldinger method. In the Lipiodol group, the gastric mucosal blood flow was reduced transiently and redness developed in 17% (1/6), but no ulcers were observed. In the mitomycin-C (MMC) group, the gastric mucosal blood flow did not decrease. Erythema occurred in 3 out of 5 dogs (60%), apparently due to some cause other than ischemia. In the Lipiodol-MMC group, gastric mucosal ischemia was prolonged and the incidence of ulcers was high (57%, 4/7). Synergy between ischemia due to long period retention of the suspension in the gastric mucosa and the cytopathic effect of MMC appeared to produce this result. Gelfoam powder induced a prolonged reduction in gastric mucosal blood flow as did the Lipiodol-MMC suspension, and caused a high incidence of ulcers apparently due to ischemia (100%, 6/6). In the Gelf oam tips (1×1mm) group, the reduction in gastric mucosal blood flow was transient as with Lipiodol alone, but erosions and erythema were observed (50%, 2/4). Preventive treatment with a prostaglandin E1 derivative increased gastric mucosal blood flow (137.2%), and reduced the incidence of ischemic mucosal lesions when compared with the control group (100%→50%).
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  • -WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CLINICAL COURSE AFTER POLYPECTOMY-
    Takashi OISHI, Teruhiko SAKAMOTO, Yoshiya YAMADA, Naoto EGAWA, Kumiko ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2576-2582
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied on the clinical course of patients with early colorectal cancers polypectomized by endoscopy. The patients consisted of 182 cases with intramucosal cancers of the colorectum (m cancers) and of 28 cases with submucosal invading cancers of the colorectum (sm cancers). All had been under endoscopic observation for over 6 months. For the evaluation of the frequency and timing of the development of new neoplastic lesions after removal, the group was divided into the following 3 subgroups ; single cancer without adenoma (group A), single cancer with adenoma (group B) and multiple cancers (group C). The study indicated that neither recurrence nor metastasis were seen, but 6 residual cancers in association with m cancers. Among all patients with early colorectal cancers, new neoplastic lesions were diagnosed in 55%. The incidence was higher especially in the cases with sm cancers, group B and C of m cancers and male cases. The incidence of the development of new cancers in early colorectal cancers was 6.2%. In the group with m cancers, all new cancers were diagnosed within 3 years, while in the group with sm cancers a new cancer was diagnosed more than 5 years after polypectomy. For effective follow-up programs of early colorectal cancers polypectomized by endoscopy, it was considered to examine by endoscopy patients of group A with m cancer on the first and third years, those of group B and C every year for the first 3 years. It would be paticularly important to follow up patients with sm cancers for an extended period. The evaluation included an examination for multiple primary malignant neoplasmas accompanying early colorectal cancers and their incidence was as high as 20%.
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  • Akihiko MORIYA, Kazuyuki MIYAMOTO, Hiroyuki SUZUKI, Kiyoshi MATSUMARU, ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2583-2588_1
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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    A patient, 53-year-old male was diagnosed the esophageal cancer. It invased to the left main bronchus and complicated the atelectasis and the obstructive pneumonia. Moreover radiation therapy and bougienage intubation to the esophageal stricture in recurrence stage was performed. But, after that, esophagobronchial fistula was complicated. We successfully treated the closure of the fistula using with the α-Cyano-Acrylate (ARON-α-A) endoscopically. Patient was died about 4 months later, and he could take food orally until his end. We think this method is useful from the viewpoint of the "Quality of life" in the malignant end stage.
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  • Tomoya KAN, Wasaburou KOIZUMI, Ken TSUCHIHASH, Satoshi TANABE, Masahit ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2591-2596_1
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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    A 67-year-old man admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea. Physical examination revealed gynecomastia. Barium meal examination demonstrated Borrmann Type 2 tumor on the lesser curvature of gastric angulus. Biopsy specimens showed choriocarcinoma containing hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin) staining-positive syncytiotrophoblast, with the presence of adenocarcinomatous tissue. Clinically, no primary lesions were observed in other organs. From these results, it was diagnosed as primary choriocarcinoma of the stomach. Chemotherapy were done in this patient for 10 months, and remarkable improvement was noted for a while. However, the condition recurred again. During the course, hCG value was measured. It was useful to evaluate the extent, of the growth of tumor clinically. We report primary choriocarcinoma of the stomach, who survived for long time.
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  • Shinji OKA, Yuhko MATSUZAKI, Kumiko KINOSHITA, Zenji KINOSHITA, Masao ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2597-2602_1
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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    A 32-year-old female was found to have a cystic mass of the pancreas head and was admitted to examine the operability. Just prior to admission endoscopy was performed and revealed only an extracompression of the antrum and duodenum. But during the admission, anemia progressed in a few days. In order to detect the bleeding point, 99mTc scincygraphy was performed and indicated the bleeding from the duodenum. Endoscopy revealed an ulcerative lesion in the bulb of the duodenum as bleeding point. After pancreatico-duodenectomy, it became clear that the ulcerative lesion of the duodenum was a part of pancreatic cystadenoma which perforated in to the bulb. Perforation of pancreatic cystadenoma into the duodenum is uncommon and it is much rarer that perforated cystadenoma canses gastrointestinal bleeding.
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  • Takeshi TERAI, Kenji KONDO, Haruo WATANABE, Ryozo IWAZAKI, Ryuiti OHKU ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2605-2609_1
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A 41-year-old male visited to our hospital because of lower abdominal pain. A tiny reddish lesion in the rectum was found by endoscopy and tubular adenoma with severe atypia was identified. Transanal excision was performed. On the fixed specimen, a depressed lesion measuring 4×2mm in size was revealed and well differentiated adenocarcinoma involving the submucosa without adenomatous component was recognized histologiacally. The second case was a 56-year-old male who was followed up after the operation of colonic polyp. Endoscopically, a small depressed lesion was detected in the sigmoid colon and treated by strip biopsy. The fixed specimen revealed a depressed lesion 5×4mm in size and the histological examination showed well differentiated adenocarcinoma involving the submucosa without adenomatous component. It was suggested that these cases were depressed lesions of "de novo" cancers and the submucosal involvment could occur in such small lesions of 5mm or less in size.
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  • Kiyotaka OKAWA, Shingo ISHIGURO, Tetsuya AOKI, Kenji WATANABE, Yasuhik ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2610-2614_1
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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    Colonoscopy for polyp observation revealed shallow longitudinal ulcerations in two women, one aged 48 years and the other aged 70 years. Both cases were in an acute phase of ischemic colitis according to our findings including biopsy study. They, however, were free from clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain and bloody stool, except that they had diarrhea due to the pretreatment with a cathartic. Therefore, these cases were made in the diagnosis of subclinical ischemic colitis. In conclusion, the present study was considered meaningful because we could demonstrate that subclinical ischemic colitis was existent and that intestinal factors might play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic colitis.
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  • Kouji HASHIMOTO, Takeshi KASHIHARA, Ko KOTANI, Eijiro FUJIMORI, Atsush ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2615-2620_1
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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    A 42-year-old man referred to our hospital with chief complaints of diarrhea, cutaneous pigmentation and dysgeusia in October 1989. In November, alopecia was developed in the head, axilla and pubis. Barium enema and colonoscopy revealed innumerable small polyps throughout the colon. Colonoscopic biopsy specimen showed stromal edema, infiltration with lymphocytes, and cystic dilatation of the crypt regions. From these findings, this case was diagnosed as Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. He was admitted to our hospital on November 22, 1989. Blood counts gave normal results on admission. Total serum protein was6. lg/dl, with normal serum albumin of 3.9g/dl. Upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopy revealed small red polyps in the stomach and the duodenum, remarkably in the antrum. Soon after admission, fingernails and toenails developed marked onychodystrophy, followed by separation of the nailplates from the nail beds. However, subjective symptoms improved spontaneously in a short time. Despite no treatment, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in April 9, 1990 and colonoscopy in May 30 did not show any polyps. He remains well in April 1992. This is a case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome regressed spontaneously.
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  • —A CAUSE OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS—
    Takashi HIROOKA, Hiroaki OOCHI, Hideki NISHIHARA, Shinichi KATAOKA, Ta ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2623-2630
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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    We reported two cases of branch fusion type between ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts. The diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) and pathological examinations. Case 1: A 48-year old man without drinking history had suffered from recurrent pancreatitis. ERP showed the malfusion of the pancreatic duct (branch fusion type 1) and pancreatic duct stone impacted at fusion site. Case 2: A 67-year-old man presenting abdominal fullness was diagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma with ultrasonic sonography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. ERP revealed the malfusion of the pancreatic ducts (branch fusion type 3) and pancreatic stone in dorsal duct. Pancreatoduodenoectomy was carried out on these two patiets. Branch fusion was proved by macroscopicaly and microscopicaly. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies stained with anti-pancreatic polypeptide antibody showed that the duct connecting ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts was identified as a branch of the dorsal duct. Pathological changes were more severe in ventral pancreas than that in dorsal one. Pancreatitis may occur more often in ventral pancreas than that in dorsal one on the patient with a branch fusion of the pancreatic duct. Apparently, branch fusion of the pancreatic duct suggested to be acausative factor of pancreatitis in our two cases.
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  • Takanori MARUO, Takashi HIROOKA, Toshio DOZAIKU, Takashi TOYONAGA, Ryo ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2631-2634_1
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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    We experienced a primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the colon localized in the mucosal layer. A 64-year-old man visited our hospital with a complaint of alternating bowel habits. Digital examination of the rectum suggested a polypoid lesion just above the anus. Total colonoscopy revealed two elevated lesions; the one in the transverse colon and the other in the rectum. The former was a IIa+IIc type lesion and the latter was a polypoid lesion endoscopically. Histologically the former was signet-ring cell carcinoma localized in the mucosal layer, 6mm in diameter, and the latter was well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. We reviewed 6 cases of early colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma reported in Japan. In 4 cases (67%) the lesions were flat or depressed which incidence was markedly high compared with that in common type of colorectal cancer. It is probable that signet-ring cell carcinoma is flat or depressed from the initial stage and later invades the submucosal layer rapidly. Therefore, endoscopist must keep it in his mind and perform total colonoscopy carefully.
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  • Juji TSUCHIYA, Shigeru MORI, Yoshihiro KATO, Toshihiko KAJIMA, Mutsuo ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2635-2641
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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    We reported a case of colonic cavernous hemangioma in childhood, in which an endoscopic electrocoagulation therapy was carried out successfully. A 2-year-9-monthold boy was admitted to Ibi General Hospital in June, 1991, because of anal bleeding for a month. A colonoscopic examination revealed widely scattered submucosal nodules extending from the sigmoid colon to the anorectal dentate line, that measured up to 5 mm in size. Through 3 trials of endoscopic electrocoagulation, that was carried out on 15 points in the lesion under general anesthesia, hemangiomas were coagulated completely and perfect hemostasis was obtained. After 6 months, no hemangiomas were found on total colonoscopic examination.
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  • Ken SEKOGUCHI, Masatoshi MIYAHARA, Yasuo FUTAGAMI, Masahiro SUGAWA, Sh ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2642-2648_1
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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    The authors examined the safety and durability of the Sacks-Vine (S-V) and Introducer (Int) method in recently performed Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies (PEGS). The subjects of the study included 30 patients, having an average age of 76.2 years, on whom PEGs were performed between March, 1989 and October, 1990. All of the patients were incapable of oral ingestion as a results of damage to the central nervous system. The S-V method was used in 19 and the Int method in 11 cases. Each patient was examined endoscopically approximately two weeks after the operation. Although no major postoperative complications were observed, 9 of the patients had complications requiring immediate treatment. These complications appeared more frequently in patients on whom the Int method had been used. There was no significant difference between the methods in the occurrence of gastric mucosal disorders. Durability-related problems, defined as tube trouble such as tube obstruction, balloon rupture, etc., occurred more frequently with the Int method, requiring repeated tube replacement. Although the Int method proved extremely easy to perform, both methods could be applied with safety. The authors concluded that the results of this study will be useful for the development of improved method.
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  • Yasushi HIRABAYASHI, Minoru MORITA, Kenji JINNO, Ichinosuke HYODO, Tos ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2649-2654
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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    Endoscopic resection was undertaken for 46 cases of gastric cancer in which 8 cases were unsuitable for operation due to complications (Table 2). And their most common histology showed well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (Table 3). We used two channel fiberscope (Olympus GIF 2T10), and held the site of the lesion with large grasping forceps with or without saline injection into the gastric wall, and resected them with high -frequency current snare. In result, 41 cases (89.1%) were considered to be completely resected, but 5 cases (10.9%) were unsuccessful for complete resection (Table 4). Prognosis of 41 completely resected cases was as follows, one case needed surgical resection due to bleeding, two were recognized focal residual cancer 3 months later, and two were died for other causes, but 36 cases are in good health for average 16 months, and the longest alive case was 42 months (Table 6). The five unsuccessful cases consisted of sm cancer 1, pm cancer 1, false resection 2 and incomplete resection 1 (Table 7). In conclusion, endoscopic gastric mucosal resection is very effective treatment for early gastric cancer and it is thought that the method without saline injection into the gastric wall is superior to that with saline injection for the minute lesion the size of which is less than 5mm, and on this occasion large grasping forceps (Olympus FG7L) is good for catching and lifting the focus of the lesion.
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  • Masayuki SHINODA, Akira GOMI, Takayuki KINOSHITA, Tatsu FUKASE, Masao ...
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2655-2660
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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    Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was performed on four patients with previous distal gastrectomy. Previous diseases were gastric cancer in two patients, gastric ulcer in one and duodenal ulcer in one. Three patients had Billroth I reconstruction and one had Billroth II. In the first two patients, visualization of the transverse colon with contrast material and ultrasound scanning of the major hepatic pedicles in the overlying liver were initially done. Then, avoiding these structures, the gastric remnant was carefully punctured with a 22-gauge needle. A 14 French trocar introducer with a peel-away sheath in a commercially available PEG kit (Create Medic Co.) was inserted just beside the initial puncture needle. Finally a 12 Fr. balloon catheter was indwelled. In the remaining two patients, we made some modifications. We inserted a long intestinal tube to the duodenal or jejunal loop and inflated a balloon to occlude the gastric outlet in order to obtain good endoscopic insufflation. An 18G needle was inserted into the gastric remnant with radiographic and sonographic aid. To hold the safe tract made by the pilot puncture, we used a guide wire and a coaxial trocar introducer that we had modified because the original trocar in the PEG kit was not coaxial. One patient in the first series developed a high fever, pleural effusion and disseminated intravascular coagulation : however, recovery occurred in two weeks. The other patients had no complications. Feeding from PEG was possible in all four cases. PEG is allegedly better than nasal intubation for long-term tube feeding. This is true not only for patients with an intact stomach but also for those with a gastric remnant. We believe our methods provide a safer way of applying PEG to a gastric remnant.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2661-2676
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2677-2689
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2690-2699
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2700-2709
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2710-2720
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2721-2735
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2736-2740
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2741-2747
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2748-2754
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2755-2762
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 2763-2785
    Published: November 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: May 09, 2011
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