The fan-cHieh spelling is the method, in Chinese phonology, of representing the sound of a Chinese character by means of presents one of the two elements into which represents one of the two elements into which the sound of the original character is analyzed. The first scholar who adopted this method has been supposed to be Sun Yen (_??__??_, d. c 260 A. D.). But the recent studies have revealed that, already towards the end of the second century, fu Chien (_??__??_) ying Shao (_??__??_) and some others had adopted it.
There arise two questions as to the origin of this method, i. e.(1) Whether the fan-ch'ieh spelling was originally meant to indicate the so-called four tones or not, (2) By what this method was suggested.
In order to solve the first problem, the author has compared the quotations in the later works (_??__??_) of “Sun Yen's ü;Êrh-ya-'yin”(_??__??__??_) with the fan-ch'ien spelling of the “Kuang-yün lexicon”(_??__??_, pub. 1008A. D. It preserves, as a rule, the phonological system of the language of Ch'ieh-yün (_??__??_).), and found that the individual characters which compose the spelling are not always the same, but the tone given in the Kuang-yün of second character of the spelling (_??__??__??__??_) which is to represent the tone almost always agrees with that of the character the pronuncation of which is represented by the combination of the two characters (such a character is called “_??__??_”). Accordingly, the author. consider that the distinctions between the four tones, the rhetorical values of which was emphasized by Shên Yuüh (_??__??_) and others early in the sixth century, had been already recognized as a phonological element in the third century.
As to the second question, the author persumes that the idea of fan-ch'ieh spelling was suggested by the method of phonemic analysis spelling was suggested by the method of phonemic analysis applied to “Wu-yin-chia”(_??__??__??_), a sort of onomancy practised in China as early as the first century B. C., rather than was influenced by the phonology of India, as has hitherto been maintained. On the other hand the fact that Li Têng's (_??__??_) lexicon “Shêng-lei”(_??__??_) and Lü Ching's “Yün-chi”(_??__??_) in the third century classified the Chinese characters under “five sounds”(_??__??_) give us another clue.
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