巻号一覧
1970 巻 (1970)
- 57 号 p. 1-
- 56 号 p. 1-
1970 巻, 56 号
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奥津 敬一郎1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 1-26
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2010/11/26
ジャーナル フリーThere are two types of quotation embedded in a sentence; direct and indirect quotation. This paper explores the transformational relation between these two as exemplified in the Japanese language.
To embed a direct quotation in a sentence implies to create a new communication field in which the speaker and the hearer of the quotation are in principle different from the speaker and the hearer of the reporting sentence. Inpirectification of the quotation means that the new communication field is restored to the original communication field and that the content of the quotation is reinterpreted by the speaker of the reporting sentence in the original communication field.
In accordance with the nature of indirectification, the following seven transformations with base rules and lexicon are set up to indirectify the direct quotation.
1. Time Adjustment. In indiretctification the time noun in the direct quotations adjusted to the time noun in the reporting sentence. This adjustiment is performed by the addition of features of the two time nouns.
2. Deletion of Initial and Final. The words of subjective expression of will, emotion, etc take the initial or final position in the sentence. These words cannot remain in the indirect quotation.
3.-ru voo ni is added to the verb stem after the deletion of the imperative form suffix, -ro, -nasai, etc.
4.-ru is also added to the verb stem after the deletion of the tentative form suffix, -yoo.
5. First and Second Person Pronoun Adjustment. The first and second person pronous in the direct quotation are respectively transformed to the subject noun refering to the speaker of the quotation and the noun refering to the hearer of the quotation in the reporting sentence.
6. Deletion of Style Marker in Quotation. The style of the direct quotation is adjusted to the style of reporting sentence. This adjustment is done simply by the deletion of the style marker of the direct quotation.
7. Deletion of Indirect Quotation Marker. The formative, Indirect, is the trigger of the above transformations, but has no form realized on the phonetic level. So the indirect marker is deleted at the end of the indirectification.
In short indirectification is a partially ordered set of transformation rules to indirectify a direct quotation. The order of the transformation rules is illustrated by diagram (34) in this paper.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (779K) -
竹林 滋1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 27-34
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2010/11/26
ジャーナル フリーOne of the most controversial points concerning the phonemic anal-ysis of the English sounds is the treatment of [Ve] postvocalic non-syllabic [e] and [V:](the lengthening element of low vowels). Trager and Smith in their An Outline of English Structure analized them as /Vh/(postvocalic /h/). The writer, however, is among those who cannot accept this view. Their phonetic description of [Ve] is grossly distorted in order to invent a “mirror-image” correlation between [hV] and [Ve] which justly obtains between /jV, wV/and/Vj, Vw/.
It is quite evident that [hV] is voiceless and [Ve] is voiced, and optional occurences of voiced [fi] between voiced sounds do not nullify the significance of voicelessness of [hV]. Furthermore, [hV] is a fricative (a vocal tract fricative rather than a glottal one, the writer presumes) as is clearly demonstrated in a sound spectrogram, while friction is entirely absent in [Va]. Establishment of /Vh/ in favor of symmetry in pattern at the sacrifice of phonetic facts seems rather Procrustean to the writer.
Another solution of [Ve] is to group it into /r/. This is phonetically far more reasonable than the former, but it also presents some difficulties. The double consonant phoneme within a single morpheme resulted from this analysis (e. g. in vary /verri/ as against very /véri/ or in glory /glórri/ as against lorry /lóri/) is quite unique in English phonotactics and the resulting transcription such as sawing /sórin/ is inadequate (sorry/sóri/.).
The only tenable solution therefore is to interpret [Ve] and [V:] as /Ve/./e/ is an independent postvocalic semivowel phoneme that corresponds to /a/ as /j, w/ do to /i, u/. Thus English [ie, Ae, ue, a:, c:, e:] are phonemically analizable as /ie, ee, ue, ae, oe, ee/ respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (289K) -
Anne Yue HASTUMOTO1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 35-62
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2010/11/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (817K) -
Yukihiro YAMADA1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 63-78
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2013/05/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (404K) -
日・米語アクセントとイントネーションに関する一考察杉藤 美代子1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 79-81
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2010/11/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (90K) -
Tadao SHIMOMIYA1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 81-83
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2010/11/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (100K) -
敦煌変文と今昔物語を中心に杤尾 武1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 84-85
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2010/11/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (69K) -
生成文法意味理論における‘entailment’の扱いをめぐって西山 佑司1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 85-87
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2010/11/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (105K) -
人間不在論の真に意味するもの野林 正路1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 88-90
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2010/11/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (108K) -
倍賞 和子1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 91-93
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2010/11/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (87K) -
小泉 保1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 93-95
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2010/11/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (93K) -
今津 藤一1970 年 1970 巻 56 号 p. 95-97
発行日: 1970/01/31
公開日: 2010/11/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (89K)
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