There are two suffixes with the same phonemic shape -
no, both of which are attached to a verb.
The one (-
no1) forms a verb, adding a meaning like “very much”, “perfectly”, “sufficiently ” or “well”.
kunne-no “black-very”
tusa-no “have recovered-completely”
soske-no “can be peeled off-well or easily”
imi-no“dressed-beautifully”
The other (-
no2) forms an adverb:
pirka-no “good-ly (well)”
wen-no “bad-ly”
tuyma-no “distant-ly”
hanke-no “close-ly”
We find a few instances of a prefix
no-, which, like -
no1, means “very, completely”.
Kyosuke Kindaichi thought that -
no1 and -
no2 are etymologically the same, and the meaning of -
no1 is their original meaning. Mashiho Chiri presumed that -
no1, -
no2 and the prefix
no- all come from the noun
nu.The noun
nu is put after a noun with the meaning of fruit, fish or animals, and means “a lot (of fruit, fish, animals obtained in gathering, fishing, hunting, etc, )”: cep-nu koan.“He got a lot of fish.”
There are several verbs derived from a noun with a suffix -
nu, which mean “to have, get or produce N”:
run-nu (<rur-nu)“sea water, soup-have (salty)”
tures-nu “sister-have (have a sister)”
kem-nu “blood-have (bleed)”
This suffix (-
nu1) must be the same as the noun nu in etymology.
But when -
nu occurs after -
as, attached to a noun, it means “well” like
no1: tum-as-nu “power-work-well (strong)”-
as is originally a verb. Moreover, in northern and south-western dialects -
no instead of -
nu occurs in the same position. Therefore, the original form of this suffix (-
nu2) should be -
no1.
We cannot tell whether -
no1/
no-/-
nu2, -
no2 and
nu/-
nu1 have a common etymology or not. Since the phonemic construction of Ainu roots is generally simple and the number of phonemes is relatively small, probability of occurrence of homonymous roots is relatively high, and it is often difficult to jadge whether or not two or more homonymous forms are etymologically identical.
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