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Volume 16 (1982)
- Issue 6 Pages 263-
- Issue 5 Pages 213-
- Issue 4 Pages 149-
- Issue 3 Pages 99-
- Issue 2 Pages 51-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 16, Issue 4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Osamu Matsubaya, Sadao Matsuo1982 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 149-156
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe equation of Rayleigh distillation was interrelated with similar equations of other types. An emphasis was laid on the applicability of Rayleigh distillation to rate processes. In the case of first-order rate processes, the equation of Rayleigh distillation can be applied ubiquitously. In the cases of zeroth, second and higher order rate processes, the equation is only applicable under certain restrictions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1877K) -
R. G. Downing, O. K. Manuel1982 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 157-178
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive separate fractions of noble gases were extracted and analyzed as a 150g sample of the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite was heated to successively higher temperatures by direct coupling with an RF coil. Isotopic compositions of the light gases, He, Ne and Ar, demonstrate that essentially their entire inventory was produced by spallation reactions. Spallation products are also a prominent feature of the isotopes of Kr and Xe, but in each gas fraction the spallogenic heavy gases were mixed with a nonspallogenic component. The isotopic composition of Kr and Xe trapped in Canyon Diablo are shown to be type-Y, rather than the type-X Kr and Xe that is found with planetary He and Ne in mildly oxidized carbon fractions of chondrites. Large variations are observed in ratios of the light spallogenic noble gases. Spallation products in Kr and Xe tend to correlate with those in Ne, rather than in Ar, suggesting that diffusive fractionation is not responsible for variations in the 21Ne/38Ar ratio. It is suggested that portions of the material in Canyon Diablo may have been preirradiated. Xenon contains a large component of excess 129Xe and 131Xe from neutron capture on Te at energies above 0.4ev, but there is no indication that the decay of primordial 129I or the incorporation of exotic interstellar dust produced the excess 129Xe or 131Xe in our sample of Canyon Diablo. The maximum amount of excess 136Xe in our sample from fission of the hypothetical superheavy elements is shown to be 600atoms/g if the trapped Xe is atmospheric in composition; however, if the trapped Xe is AVCC, it might be as high as 6, 000atoms/g.View full abstractDownload PDF (6824K) -
Lin-gun Liu1982 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 179-198
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of chemical elements in the Earth's crust and its inferred interior is controlled mainly by the density periodicity of the elements, and is further perturbed by chemical affinity of the elements. The chemical elements have been classified into four major groups: heavy, medial, light and volatile, according to the physical and chemical properties and the distribution pattern of the elements. The light elements are generally enriched in the Earth's surface and the heavy elements are concentrated in its center. The abundances of most of the heavy and light elements increase and decrease respectively, very rapidly with increasing depth, whereas those for the medial and volatile elements remain relatively uniform throughout the Earth (except the core). Chemical affinity controls the abundances of the volatile and medial elements more than those of the light and heavy elements. On the basis of the principles of elemental distribution observed in the Earth, it is deduced that the chondrites were formed in an enviornment which experienced little gravitational influence, whereas the achondrites were formed under the influence of gravitation. The distribution of chemical elements in the Sun does not appear to be influenced by its gravitational field, which might be a consequence of nuclear fusion processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (5968K) -
Shizuo Tsunogai, Keita Nakanishi, Masatoshi Yamada1982 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 199-212
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPelagic manganese nodules were sampled at two sites. One was in the subtropical Pacific where the biological productivity in the surface water was low and Mn did not migrate in the surface sediment. The other was in the equatorial Pacific where manganese oxide in the sediment was reduced by organic material and dissolved Mn was lost from the sediment to the bottom water. It has been demonstrated that the difference in the sedimentary environment is reflected in manganese nodules. The bottom surface of the equatorial nodules contained larger amounts of transition metals soluble in weak acids than other sides in contact with sea water and the acid soluble metals decreased with depth from the bottom surface. On the bottom side of the equatorial nodule the oxide fractions of Cu and Ni increased with depth, indicating the trapping of metals which diffused through the pore waters of sediments and nodules. The bottom surface of the larger subtropical noudles contained much smaller amounts of 230Th than other surfaces, but the growth rate obtained from the depth profile of 230Th was similar to those of the other surfaces. The smaller subtropical nodules contained a normal amount of 230Th at the bottom surface. The concentration of 232Th decreased with depth at each surface, that is, with time, except for the bottom surface of the larger subtropical nodules, in which 232Th concentration is similar to that in the interior of nodules. These observations apparently lead to the conclusion that the bottom surface of the larger subtropical nodules are not growing at present, but the following possibility can not be excluded. The bottom surface is now growing with Th supplied chiefly from weathering debris rather than authigenic particles in sea water.View full abstractDownload PDF (3237K) -
1982 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages e1a
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (417K) -
1982 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages e1b
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (417K)
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