岩石鉱物科学
Online ISSN : 1349-7979
Print ISSN : 1345-630X
ISSN-L : 1345-630X
30 巻, 6 号
November
選択された号の論文の3件中1~3を表示しています
原著論文
  • 上野 貴司
    2001 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 255-264
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2008/08/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Lawsonite-bearing Sanbagawa pelitic schists occur in the Ise area of the eastern Kii Peninsula, central Japan. The lawsonite-bearing pelitic schists consist mainly of phengite, chlorite, lawsonite, albite, titanite, quartz, calcite and carbonaceous material. The pelitic schists show compositional banding consisting of phengite-rich and quartz-rich layers. The quartz-rich layer is subdivided into coarse-grained and fine-grained layers. Pressure and temperature conditions of the lawsonite-bearing pelitic schists are estimated at <8 kbar and <340°C, based on stability of the phengite+chlorite+lawsonite+albite+quartz+calcite assemblage. Stability of the lawsonite+calcite+titanite indicates low XCO2(<10−4) composition of metamorphic fluid.
  • —— 東北本州,前∼中期中新世の秋田—山形堆積盆地における例 ——
    八木 正彦, 長谷中 利昭, 大口 健志, 馬場 敬, 佐藤 比奈子, 石山 大三, 水田 敏夫, 吉田 武義
    2001 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 265-287
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2008/08/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Thick piles of basaltic lavas named “Graben-Fill Basalt” (GFB) occurring in the Akita-Yamagata basin characterize the magmatism accompanied by the rifting tectonics during the opening of the Japan Sea. These lavas are products of Miocene volcanism during the Daijima-Nishikurosawa (i.e. rifting) stage, when the tectonic setting transformed from continental arc to island arc. Careful and detailed sampling of GFB and adjacent lavas were undertaken from the drilling cores and surface outcrops for radiometric dating and geochemical analysis. The new data obtained from these lavas helped to establish the geochronological and petrogenetic relationship for the volcanic events in the basin, and revealed a transition of magmatic composition, source character, and tectonic setting during rifting.
    The rifting event of Daijima-Nishikurosawa period in the Akita-Yamagata basin was divided into two stages, i.e., the early rift (before 16.5 Ma) and the syn-rift (16.5-13.5 Ma). The latter was further divided into three, i.e., “early-”, “middle-”, and “late-” syn-rift stages.
    The early rift stage is characterized by bimodal volcanism of basalts and felsic welded tuffs that erupted into a terrestrial to very shallow marine environment. The basalts are mainly alkaline with enriched Sr isotopic compositions, containing moderately high to high HFSE, and Th/Hf, Th/Yb and La/Yb ratios are variable. The geochemistry of basalts suggests that they derived from heterogeneous lithospheric mantle source, with different degrees of partial melting events.
    The syn-rift stage is characterized by the formation of a large-scale graben, resulting from pull-apart tectonism. Intense submarine volcanism took place in the bottom of graben, and formed the thick piles of GFB lavas. Distinctive trace element geochemistry was found among lavas of three different sub-stages. Chondrite normalized LREE patterns of GFB with depleted Sr isotopic compositions change from low, to medium, then to medium high values. The ratios of Th/Hf and La/Yb show little variation within each sub-stage, however, the averaged ratios do increase from the early to the late-stage. The compositional change from alkali basalts of early syn-rift stage to tholeiites of middle syn-rift stage suggested the compositional change of the source from depleted to more enriched.
    Injection of the asthenospheric depleted mantle probably caused the production of the GFB. The variation in trace element composition between different syn-rifting sub-stages also indicates the change of partial melting degree of mantle, from low, to high, then to medium low, which is consistent with the progressive prosper and decline of active rifting in the Akita-Yamagata basin.
総説 シリーズ造岩鉱物各論
  • 佐藤 満雄
    2001 年 30 巻 6 号 p. 288-299
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2008/08/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Framework structures of tectosilicates including zeolite, silica and feldspar minerals are reviewed on the basis of concentric cluster (CCL). The structural characteristics of them can be simply represented by the points (Si or Al atoms) and the lines connecting between the points. Starting from a given point, an nth CCL can be graphically defined as a set of all the points ranging from topological distance 0 to n, and all the lines responsible for the connection between them. The topological distance used here means the shortest step numbers responsible for the connection between two points, not the geometrical distance. As any kind of tectosilicate frameworks can be completely covered with the CCL by extending its topological distance from 0 to n, the topological characteristics of them are realized on a series of these CCLs. In order to quantify these CCLs, the front nodes are newly defined, and a concept of the coordination degree sequence (CDS) is introduced. In the CDS, the front nodes are characterized in terms of their topological valence numbers. The CDS can be effectively applied to the topological characterization, the classification, and the systematic computer modeling of tectoslicate frameworks. Some of application examples are shown.
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