NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI
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Volume 82, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Special Issue for General Reviews “Analytical Technology for Products Manufacturing”
Introductory Remarks
General Reviews
  • Application of Rubber Analysis to “MONODUKURI (Products Manufacturing)”
    Nobuko KATO
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 142-149
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.142
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Properties of rubber products are formed through several stages of processing such as mixing, vulcanization, and combining with other materials. These properties have been found to be dependent on certain types of molecular structure, composition, morphology and so on. Analysis of these rubber and rubber-related products is useful tool for understanding the essence of materials or phenomena, which would provide appropriate suggestions to “MONODUKURI (products manufacturing)”.
    This article reviews analytical techniques used for each stage of rubber processing and shows their applications to “MONODUKURI”.
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  • Surface Degradation Analysis of Semi-conductive Rubber by Micro Sampling Mass Spectrometry
    Hisao KATOH
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 150-156
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.150
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Micro sampling mass spectrometry (μ-MS) is a newly developed small area microanalysis method. It gives information on the chemical structure of polymers by means of direct mass. It also gives information on the scission and crosslinking of rubber molecules based on TIC (Total Ion Chromatogram) peak shift.
    The degradation analysis of NBR and epichlorohydrin rubber was carried out by infrared micro spectroscopy and μ-MS. Samples were prepared by three different treatments, heat as well as ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB) radiations. It was found for NBR vulcanizates that the heat treatment induced the oxidation, scission and crosslinking of rubber molecules. By the UV treatment, chain scission and crosslinking accompanied by a slight oxidation were induced. The EB treatment enhanced the crosslinking, however, the extent of oxidation was negligible. For epichlorohydrin rubber vulcanizates, the heat treatment accelerated chain scission rather than crosslinking. On the other hand, the oxidation and crosslinking were induced by the UV and EB treatments.
    The surface of a semi-conductive NBR roller was covered with oxides and low molecular weight compounds after the roller durability test. Furthermore, crosslinking was induced in the layer under them.
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  • Application of Thermal Analysis to Weathering of Rubber
    Yuko NISHIMOTO
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 157-160
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.157
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    The present review describes the application of thermal analysis to weathering of rubbers and their products. The thermal analytical methods are useful technique in the material and product development. The characteristic change due to degradation is important for the materials and products. The examples of application of thermal analysis to weathering of rubbers and their products are shown.
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  • New Analytical Methods for Evaluating the Degradation of Polymeric Materials
    Motoyasu SUGIURA
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 161-166
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.161
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    For research into the degradation of polymeric materials, it is very important to acquire information concerning the depth distribution of chemical structures and functional groups in polymeric materials. Two new methods for acquiring this information are obliquely cutting - infrared (IR) spectroscopy and derivatization - X-ray microanalysis (XMA). The former was developed to measure the chemical structure distributions while the latter was developed to measure the distributions of 0.1%-order functional groups in polymeric materials with depth resolutions of the order of microns. Both methods were applied to the degradation studies of coating films, rubbers, plastics, etc. Consequently, it was confirmed that both methods are extremely useful for research on the degradation mechanisms of polymeric materials.
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  • High Impact Polymer Alloy
    Atsushi KATO, Maiko NISHIOKA, Youhei TAKAHASHI, Shigeki HIKASA, Hitosh ...
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 167-174
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.167
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    We have already represented that high impact mechanism of polyketone/polyamide alloy (PK/PA) is enhanced by the moisture absorption. It was thought the high impact mechanism depends on ductility caused by the moisture absorption of the alloy. This time we have investigated the nano-meter level phase separation structure of PK/PA alloys by using a TEM, an EELS and a 3D-TEM observation. It is found that the PK rich phase and the PA rich one form their co-continuous structure. Surprisingly, the three-dimensional lamella network structure is extended in the PK rich phase. Next, we have carried out SAXS measurements to evaluate lamella network structure. Moreover, the interaction and the mobility of PK and PA molecular chain of the wet and dry polymer alloy have been investigated by using solid-state high resolution NMR techniques. It was found that the moisture absorption enhances the molecular mobility of PA, and flexibility is given to the polymer alloy. The above-mentioned results revealed that the co-continuous structure and the higher-order structure are closely related to the impact properties.
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  • Molecular Characterization of Polymer through SEC and Other Several Methods
    Eiichi TAKATORI
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 175-182
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.175
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    Fractionation technique is very significant for the polymer analysis. Several methods were proposed, SEC(Size Exclusion Chromatography), FFF(Field Flow Fractionation), Electrophoresis, Hydrodynamic Chromatography, MTF (Molecular Topology Fractionation), and so on. In these methods SEC is the most general. This report reviews about concepts of separation mechanism, sources of analytical error, detectors, and analysis examples of SEC.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 183-184
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.183
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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Introduction to Rubber Science and Technology : Fundamental Physics of Rubber
Technical Note
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