NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI
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Volume 82, Issue 5
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Special Issue for General Reviews “Improvement of Productivity and Refinement Technology in Soft-materials Processing”
Introductory Remarks
General Reviews
  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 5 Pages 196
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.196
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Development and Trend of Processing Aids
    Mitsuo AKIBA, Takeshi OHNUKI
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 5 Pages 197-200
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.197
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper describes the role, fundamental classification, and functionality of processing aids. The recent technical trends and future views of processing aids are also described in detail.
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  • High Temperature and Efficient Vulcanization Technology
    Hitoshi NISHIZAWA
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 5 Pages 201-208
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.201
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In rubber industry the productivity improvements are the most important key technology and must be studied more eagerly concerning these material compounding and processing technology. High temperature and efficient vulcanization technologies have been applied in continuous vulcanization process and injection molding process. I introduce the continuous vulcanization technology, mainly Catenary Continuous Vulcanization(CCV), Vertical Continuous Vulcanization(VCV), Liquid Curing Medium Vulcanization(LCM) and curing systems especially about the characteristics and advantages of these technologies to improve the productivity.
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  • Change in Construction of Uncured, Filled Rubber
    Yuji SATO
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 5 Pages 209-214
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.209
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Uncured, filled rubbers show remarkable nonlinear viscoelsticity as well as cured, filled rubbers. The nonlinearity may come from change in entanglement and filler network structures. Relaxation modulus G(γ; t), electric resistance ρ(γ; t), and differential dynamic modulus E’(γ; t), E”(γ; t), tanδ have been measured simultaneously for carbon black filled, uncured styrene-butadiene rubbers. The result shows the origin of the nonlinear behaviors of filled, uncured rubber is connecting to change in filler networks.
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  • Precision Processing Technology in Plastics Injection Moldings
    Hiroshi ITO
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 5 Pages 215-220
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.215
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In recent years, quality improvement and higher performance of plastics molded products are keenly required, especially for precise and micro- or nano-scale products, such as optical devices, medical applications, information and communication applications, and others. These micro- or nano-electro mechanical systems (M/NEMS) will have a far-reaching influence on device manufacture in the near future. An intense research interest has prevailed in micro-scale polymer processing because of the growing emphasis on MEMS. Moreover, it is difficult to achieve an optimum product design. Most studies have limited their scope to issues of process-ability and surface observation, and the higher-order structure and final properties of the molded products have not been deeply discussed. Molding conditions have a marked effect on structural development and final properties of molded products. Therefore, precise investigation of relationships between molding conditions and structure and physical properties is indispensable.
    In this paper, strategy and resent research work on micro/nano-moldings were reported. We also have performed micro/nano-molding, and have analyzed higher-order structure and final properties on micro- or nano-molded products deeply. The micro-and nano-molding process/higher-order structure/properties relationship in these processes were introduced.
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Regular Papers
  • Evaluation of Uniformity of NBR Compounds Using Zinc Oxide as a Marker
    Toyohiko GONDOH, Tetsuo MORI, Michiharu TOH, Mutsuhisa FURUKAWA
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 5 Pages 221-226
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.221
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The mechanical properties of vulcanized rubbers were influenced by dispersion state of additives in a rubber matrix, and also by the vulcanization condition of rubber compound. The purpose of kneading of rubber and additives is to obtain rubber compounds with uniform composition by dispersing finely and uniformly additives such as carbon black, zinc oxide, accelerator, etc. into a rubber. In this work, the dispersion state and uniformity of additives in a rubber was evaluated from distribution diagrams of zinc oxide as a marker. The uniformity was also confirmed by the mechanical properties of the vulcanized NBR compounds.
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General Reviews
  • Nanoscopic Mechanical Simulation of Elastomers with Finite Element Analysis
    Keizo AKUTAGAWA
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 5 Pages 227-232
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.227
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Mechanical simulation technique for elastomers in nano-scopic scale range was reviewed. Combination of 3 dimensional transmission electron micro tomography (3D-TEMT) and 3 dimensional finite element analysis enables to investigate the deformation of elastomers in nano-scopic scale. The strain concentration over 200% can be seen between carbon black aggregates, even if the overall strain was only 15%. This is due to the fact that the occluded rubber can behave as a hard domain as if the volume fraction of filler is increased. It was found that the strain concentration between carbon black aggregates behaved as an important part of the reinforcement.
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  • Topics on the Radiation Induced Degradation of Elastomers
    Masayuki ITO
    2009 Volume 82 Issue 5 Pages 233-239
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.233
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Nine kinds of ethylene-propylene-diene elastomer (EPDM) were irradiated under low dose rate (0.33 kGy/h) at room temperature that is the reference condition. As the short time irradiation condition, two conditions shown below were studied.
    1) Irradiation of 4.2 kGy/h in 0.5 MPa oxygen at room temperature.
    2) Irradiation of 5.0 kGy/h in air at 70 °C.
    It was found out that two methods mentioned above were available as time accelerated irradiation conditions on the view point of changes in mechanical properties. Heat resistant fluorine-containing elastomer did not have radiation resistance. The compounding of EPDM for heat resistance did not have radiation resistance. There was no correlation between heat resistance and radiation resistance. The synergistic relationship between heat and radiation was found out and the coefficient of synergism was proposed to express the degree of synergism. The energy transfer from polymer to antioxidant reagent during irradiation has an important role in radiation induced degradation of elastomers.
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Technical Note
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