NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI
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Volume 89, Issue 6
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Special Issue for General Reviews “Fundamental of Simulation Technology and Application to Rubber Products”
Introductory Remarks
General Reviews
  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    2016 Volume 89 Issue 6 Pages 150
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: August 19, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.89.150
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • History of Application of CAE to Tire
    Yukio NAKAJIMA
    2016 Volume 89 Issue 6 Pages 151-156
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: August 19, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.89.151
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A finite element method (FEM) was developed in 1950s as a tool of computational mechanics. In the tire manufacturers, the FEM was started applying to a tire analysis in the beginning of 1970s and this was much earlier than the vehicle industry, electric industry, and others. The main reason was that construction and configurations of a tire were so complicated that analytical approach could not solve many problems related with tire mechanics. Since FEM could make the stress/strain behavior visible in a tire, the application area was mainly tire durability in the early stage.
    Combining FEM with optimization technique, the tire design procedure has been developed in side wall shape, tire crown shape, tire pattern, and etc. After that the computational mechanics becomes an indispensable tool for tire industry. Furthermore, an insight to improve tire performances is obtained from the optimized solution and the new technologies are created from the insight.
    The computational mechanics will be applied in multi-disciplinary area and nano-scale area to create a new technology of the environmental subjects such as rolling resistance (RR), noise and wear.
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  • General Techniques of Coarse-grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Rubber Materials
    Hiroshi MORITA
    2016 Volume 89 Issue 6 Pages 157-163
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: August 19, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.89.157
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this manuscript, the generic technology of coarse-grained molecular dynamics(CGMD)simulation method and its applications for rubber materials are reviewed. First, fundamental coarse-grained technique is explained and the limitations of those models are also indicated, which will be much important for the application studies. As a typical example of coarse-grained simulation model, Kremer-Grest model is sometimes used. To perform the simulation using Kremer-Grest model, the construction of the initial structure is one of the most important steps and the fully relaxed structures must be needed to eliminate the local structure having residual stress. As examples of CGMD simulations, uniaxial elongation simulation of pure rubber system, rheological simulation of nano-rubber particle, and the elongation simulation of filler filled materials are explained. In the elongation simulation of pure rubber, the stress-strain curve obtained by CGMD simulation is explained, having entropic and energetic effects of elasticity. From the rheological simulations, G´, G˝, and tanδ can be measured. In the elongation simulation of filler filled rubbers, the simulation results using the Poisson's ratio of 0.5 and 0.0 are shown. From these simulations, the applicability of CGMD simulation is explained. The author hopes the increase of the examples of application studies and expects further understanding of rubber materials by CGMD simulations.
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  • Toward Innovative Materials Development by Materials Informatics
    Masataka KOISHI
    2016 Volume 89 Issue 6 Pages 164-169
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: August 19, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.89.164
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Expectation to materials informatics increases toward innovative materials development. Materials informatics is the methodology based on numerical simulation and data mining using machine learning. The objective of this report is to mention an introductive effort for the materials informatics of filled rubber. At first, two data mining techniques i.e. self-organizing map and decision tree which is a kind of machine learning are presented to show their effectiveness with the example of the multi-objective design exploration for the tire shape design. The case for microstructure designs of rubber material becomes the same procedure, too. Next, we mention the other important issues for the materials informatics of materials having microstructure i.e. characterization of morphology and construction of simulation model using the morphological parameters. Morphological measures and random morphological modeling are introduced for their purpose.
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  • On the Calculation of the Tensile Properties of Rubber Using Molecular Dynamics
    Osamu HINO
    2016 Volume 89 Issue 6 Pages 170-175
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: August 19, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.89.170
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    In this report, we give an overview on the calculation of the tensile properties of rubber using molecular dynamics simulation. Firstly, a coarse grained cross-linked polymer (rubber) model is built. Next three modes of deformation, which are simple extension, pure shear and equi-biaxial extension, are applied to the rubber model during molecular dynamics simulations. Then the tensile forces under the corresponding strains are extracted from the molecular dynamics simulation data, and three kinds of stress-strain relations are obtained for the rubber model. These stress-strain relations are fitted to the three-term Ogden formula as are done for the hyperelastic modeling of the real rubber.
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  • Large Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Rubbers for Tires
    Masato NAITO, Hiroyuki KISHIMOTO
    2016 Volume 89 Issue 6 Pages 176-179
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: August 19, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.89.176
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    Fracture phenomenon of rubber has not been elucidated yet because the fracture is localized in molecular level at the initiation and it rapidly grows to form the semi-macroscopic crack. To resolve the phenomena, we performed molecular simulations of rubber with a coarse-grained model of the polymer and the solid fillers. We used the K-computer to attain 137 million particles system that is comparable to the volume of 350x350x350 nm3 in a real rubber. We applied the step stretch to the system and observed the void nucleation and the successive pattern formation. We observed two different dynamical processes in the structure growth during the elongation: 1) the nucleation-growth of cavity in the polymer network and 2) a spinodal-like void growth in vicinity of the polymer–particle interface.
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