The spread of hydrogen fuel in transportation equipment began with the appearance of Toyota's Mirai as a commercially available vehicle, and the development competition between large commercial buses, trucks, and transporters led to the development of motorcycles at a faster than expected pace. Here, we participate in the international matching app sponsored by JETORO, and report on the public information on basic research results that resonated with the topic of promoting the development of liquid hydrogen-fueled aircraft by a British aircraft manufacturer.

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The spread of hydrogen fuel in transportation equipment began with the appearance of Toyota's Mirai as a commercially available vehicle, and the development competition between large commercial buses, trucks, and transporters led to the development of motorcycles at a faster than expected pace. Here, we participate in the international matching app sponsored by JETORO, and report on the public information on basic research results that resonated with the topic of promoting the development of liquid hydrogen-fueled aircraft by a British aircraft manufacturer.

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A hydrogen-powered commercial vehicle was released about 20 years ago, and the Toyota Mirai has evolved further with improved performance, leading to the release of a new model two years ago. The approximate performance is that it has the same dead weight as a small aircraft, has the same engine output of about 100 kW, consumes 5.6 kg of hydrogen, and has a crew of about 4 people, with own weight of 2 tons and can travel 700 km. In other words, assuming a large aircraft (40,000kw) with a total takeoff weight of 300 tons (100 tons of cargo), the hydrogen battery device will be approximately 24 tons (60 kg/100 kw) and the propulsion aircraft will be approximately 20 tons (50 kg/100 kw). It is possible to achieve this by assuming that the LH2/CH2 tank is approximately 70 tons (7 tons of hydrogen) and the fuselage is 30 tons with a pipe tank structure. The biggest challenge is to achieve maximum weight reduction by using aircraft LH2 tanks, which are 10 times lighter than hydrogen fuel, and if possible, CH2 tanks in combination with aircraft structural materials. The performance of large and small hydrogen-fueled airplanes that can be realized in the near future through the development of the proposed pipe tank technology is described with the prospect of significantly exceeding the performance of jet-fueled airplanes.

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A hydrogen-powered commercial vehicle was released about 20 years ago, and the Toyota Mirai has evolved further with improved performance, leading to the release of a new model two years ago. The approximate performance is that it has the same dead weight as a small aircraft, has the same engine output of about 100 kW, consumes 5.6 kg of hydrogen, and has a crew of about 4 people, with own weight of 2 tons and can travel 700 km. In other words, assuming a large aircraft (40,000kw) with a total takeoff weight of 300 tons (100 tons of cargo), the hydrogen battery device will be approximately 24 tons (60 kg/100 kw) and the propulsion aircraft will be approximately 20 tons (50 kg/100 kw). It is possible to achieve this by assuming that the LH2/CH2 tank is approximately 70 tons (7 tons of hydrogen) and the fuselage is 30 tons with a pipe tank structure. The biggest challenge is to achieve maximum weight reduction by using aircraft LH2 tanks, which are 10 times lighter than hydrogen fuel, and if possible, CH2 tanks in combination with aircraft structural materials. The performance of large and small hydrogen-fueled airplanes that can be realized in the near future through the development of the proposed pipe tank technology is described with the prospect of significantly exceeding the performance of jet-fueled airplanes.

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The connection screw between metal pipes and FRP pipes is a technical standard that guarantees the sealing function of the same structural dimensions made of isotropic and anisotropic materials with different elastic behavior. The structure and functional dimensions must be the same, and the sealing surface pressure acting on the seat ring must be generated equally to ensure the sealing function. However, the mechanical behavior of threaded joints made of different materials is complicated, and no explanation for proper handling has been found, so here we will explain the behavior of pipe joint threads made of different materials in response to loads.

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The connection screw between metal pipes and FRP pipes is a technical standard that guarantees the sealing function of the same structural dimensions made of isotropic and anisotropic materials with different elastic behavior. The structure and functional dimensions must be the same, and the sealing surface pressure acting on the seat ring must be generated equally to ensure the sealing function. However, the mechanical behavior of threaded joints made of different materials is complicated, and no explanation for proper handling has been found, so here we will explain the behavior of pipe joint threads made of different materials in response to loads.

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The outer surface of the GPI standard laminated product of centrifugally formed pipes used for oil-based pipes, etc. can withstand deterioration due to ultraviolet rays and contact wear for more than 40 years. The applicable resin consists of an exterior laminated structure consisting of urethane-modified epoxy resin (vinyl ester), inorganic pigments (titanium oxide, etc.), and glass fiber mat (200#CSM), and the centrifugal force of centrifugal molding is 40G or more and it is in a centrifugal state. Since the outer surface of the cured product is formed by centrifugation of the ultraviolet absorber, it has been found that there is very little UV deterioration of the outer surface of the tube.

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The outer surface of the GPI standard laminated product of centrifugally formed pipes used for oil-based pipes, etc. can withstand deterioration due to ultraviolet rays and contact wear for more than 40 years. The applicable resin consists of an exterior laminated structure consisting of urethane-modified epoxy resin (vinyl ester), inorganic pigments (titanium oxide, etc.), and glass fiber mat (200#CSM), and the centrifugal force of centrifugal molding is 40G or more and it is in a centrifugal state. Since the outer surface of the cured product is formed by centrifugation of the ultraviolet absorber, it has been found that there is very little UV deterioration of the outer surface of the tube.

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This article describes on a casing pipe with a screening function that uses a GPI standard E40 to G grade semi-coupling casing pipe with slit hole machining for water-soluble methane gas mining, and a SUS 4-layer net cover that applies INPEX specification mesh 80. This is a research report of the GPI subcommittee on the subject. We report the results of our research on a casing pipe with a maximum applicable depth of 3000 m, a heat resistance of 80°C, a maximum 5% opening slit, and a net screening opening orifice of 25% or more.

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This article describes on a casing pipe with a screening function that uses a GPI standard E40 to G grade semi-coupling casing pipe with slit hole machining for water-soluble methane gas mining, and a SUS 4-layer net cover that applies INPEX specification mesh 80. This is a research report of the GPI subcommittee on the subject. We report the results of our research on a casing pipe with a maximum applicable depth of 3000 m, a heat resistance of 80°C, a maximum 5% opening slit, and a net screening opening orifice of 25% or more.

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Like hot spring wells, natural gas extraction wells in Japan are mined using water pumps UP installed at a depth where water-soluble gas is in a non-gasified state and cavitation does not occur. A screening 2-5% opening of approximately 300 m is provided in the casing, where the normal submersible pump position is approximately 400 m at the shortest depth and the gas-containing water layer is approximately 800-1200 m below 600 m. As for the applicable casing pipe, an FRP exterior net screening casing pipe is used because it is necessary to screen the fine sandy reefs that are often contained due to the geological characteristics. This research report elucidates the characteristics that deteriorate the strength of pipes due to the slit processing used to cover the screening net, and establishes technical standards for water-soluble gas screening casing pipes.

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Like hot spring wells, natural gas extraction wells in Japan are mined using water pumps UP installed at a depth where water-soluble gas is in a non-gasified state and cavitation does not occur. A screening 2-5% opening of approximately 300 m is provided in the casing, where the normal submersible pump position is approximately 400 m at the shortest depth and the gas-containing water layer is approximately 800-1200 m below 600 m. As for the applicable casing pipe, an FRP exterior net screening casing pipe is used because it is necessary to screen the fine sandy reefs that are often contained due to the geological characteristics. This research report elucidates the characteristics that deteriorate the strength of pipes due to the slit processing used to cover the screening net, and establishes technical standards for water-soluble gas screening casing pipes.

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Mining of water-soluble gas in Japan is carried out in sand and gravel layers at GL-800 to 1200m, similar to hot spring excavation, by setting up a water pump at GL-400m, pumping water to the ground while maintaining pressure, and reducing the pressure with ground equipment. Gas is separated and natural gas is extracted. Here, the gravel layer contains a large amount of gravel, and screening of gravel is required for pumping water. This study reports the results of research on optimal screening for low passage resistance and easy maintenance for use in casing pipes for pumping pipes.

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Mining of water-soluble gas in Japan is carried out in sand and gravel layers at GL-800 to 1200m, similar to hot spring excavation, by setting up a water pump at GL-400m, pumping water to the ground while maintaining pressure, and reducing the pressure with ground equipment. Gas is separated and natural gas is extracted. Here, the gravel layer contains a large amount of gravel, and screening of gravel is required for pumping water. This study reports the results of research on optimal screening for low passage resistance and easy maintenance for use in casing pipes for pumping pipes.

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For FRP casing pipes required for extracting water-soluble natural gas, GPI standard semi-flush coupling E20 to E40 standards apply from a depth of about 1500 m, just like hot spring pipes. Since the pumped water contains a large amount of fine sandy gravel, a pipe with a stainless steel net screen installed on the top of a 3% open area slit is used with a space on the outside. The water-soluble gas-containing layer may be subject to soil contact friction due to unexpected partial cave-ins at the underground floor during construction of pipe elevators. In this research, we ensured that the casing tube had the necessary axial pushing force (compressive force) (the allowable compressive strength in the axial direction of the GPI semi-flush coupling was equal to or higher than the allowable buckling force of the pipe end face, which is the discontinuous fiber of the pipe body). In addition to what was considered necessary and sufficient according to the quality standards (quality standards), it was also found that a pull-out force with the same allowable strength, which was indispensable for countermeasures against partial cave-ins that had not been anticipated, was also necessary to improve efficiency during construction. As a result, for construction that requires tensile reinforcement, it is effective to strengthen the axial tension coupling by additionally using an inner coupling, which is effective, and to use equipment that has a casing pipe rotation pull-out f

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For FRP casing pipes required for extracting water-soluble natural gas, GPI standard semi-flush coupling E20 to E40 standards apply from a depth of about 1500 m, just like hot spring pipes. Since the pumped water contains a large amount of fine sandy gravel, a pipe with a stainless steel net screen installed on the top of a 3% open area slit is used with a space on the outside. The water-soluble gas-containing layer may be subject to soil contact friction due to unexpected partial cave-ins at the underground floor during construction of pipe elevators. In this research, we ensured that the casing tube had the necessary axial pushing force (compressive force) (the allowable compressive strength in the axial direction of the GPI semi-flush coupling was equal to or higher than the allowable buckling force of the pipe end face, which is the discontinuous fiber of the pipe body). In addition to what was considered necessary and sufficient according to the quality standards (quality standards), it was also found that a pull-out force with the same allowable strength, which was indispensable for countermeasures against partial cave-ins that had not been anticipated, was also necessary to improve efficiency during construction. As a result, for construction that requires tensile reinforcement, it is effective to strengthen the axial tension coupling by additionally using an inner coupling, which is effective, and to use equipment that has a casing pipe rotation pull-out function that is effective in avoiding partial cave-ins during construction. We report the basic research results obtained.

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Water-soluble methane gas in Chiba is said to be 500 billion m3, which accounts for 90% of Japan's reserves, and is known to be distributed in the Boso Peninsula area. Because buried gas is water-soluble, mining requires pumping up the water it contains and returning the decompressed gas separation water (underground water) to the underground. Since underground water contains iodine, a method is used to extract iodine at a chemical factory and then return it to the underground. These methods involve extracting underground resources using pump energy, such as underground injection of underground water, which is environmentally friendly, and the movement of underground water by laying vast pipes on a flat surface, so it is important to reduce production costs. This study reports on the promising results of basic research on low-cost mining methods.

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Water-soluble methane gas in Chiba is said to be 500 billion m3, which accounts for 90% of Japan's reserves, and is known to be distributed in the Boso Peninsula area. Because buried gas is water-soluble, mining requires pumping up the water it contains and returning the decompressed gas separation water (underground water) to the underground. Since underground water contains iodine, a method is used to extract iodine at a chemical factory and then return it to the underground. These methods involve extracting underground resources using pump energy, such as underground injection of underground water, which is environmentally friendly, and the movement of underground water by laying vast pipes on a flat surface, so it is important to reduce production costs. This study reports on the promising results of basic research on low-cost mining methods.

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Hot springs, including super public baths, which are said to exist in thousands of locations nationwide, have low-temperature sources and require reheating boilers using city gas or heavy oil. The decarbonization of the 2050 proposal requires a large amount of energy, so the application of large-scale solar power generation and efficient heat pumps is desired. This research describes the results of the survey research that enables 2050 response for hot spring business.

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Hot springs, including super public baths, which are said to exist in thousands of locations nationwide, have low-temperature sources and require reheating boilers using city gas or heavy oil. The decarbonization of the 2050 proposal requires a large amount of energy, so the application of large-scale solar power generation and efficient heat pumps is desired. This research describes the results of the survey research that enables 2050 response for hot spring business.

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Over the past 10 years, high-voltage electricity rates have increased from approximately 10 yen to 2.5 times 25 yen, and all-electric houses have found themselves in a pinch due to energy costs. The reason for this is that power plants have changed from mainly thermal power and nuclear power to thermal power and solar power, and the era of excess electricity at night and late at night has changed, and the era of giving priority to industry has changed to giving priority to housing and low-income people. For example, energy costs for all-electric housing complexes increase by approximately 2.5 times over 10 years, but it has become clear that in many cases, no additional charges are added to increase costs. An effective countermeasure for this is self-consumption solar power generation, which can be reduced in cost due to the widespread use of equipment.

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Over the past 10 years, high-voltage electricity rates have increased from approximately 10 yen to 2.5 times 25 yen, and all-electric houses have found themselves in a pinch due to energy costs. The reason for this is that power plants have changed from mainly thermal power and nuclear power to thermal power and solar power, and the era of excess electricity at night and late at night has changed, and the era of giving priority to industry has changed to giving priority to housing and low-income people. For example, energy costs for all-electric housing complexes increase by approximately 2.5 times over 10 years, but it has become clear that in many cases, no additional charges are added to increase costs. An effective countermeasure for this is self-consumption solar power generation, which can be reduced in cost due to the widespread use of equipment.

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In the International Cultural City, there is a net house that has small facilities (approximately 20 rooms) for short-term and long-term stays, a community hall for approximately 30 people that can be used for meetings, reading, eating, drinking, and showering, and a mini convenience store. There is a need for a facility called “Net House Community Hall.” This operation requires full-time, three-shift employees as well as part-time security guards and house cleaning staff, but the net house allows for unmanned operation late at night and can be operated 24 hours a day with two shifts per person. Basically, this is possible with automatic payment machines (check-in, check-out, payment), surveillance cameras, and 24-hour support equipped with remote conversation communication functions within the facility. Full-time employees will perform tasks such as cleaning the store and moving luggage, while also providing support services for users using communication avatars within the facility. When the facility is unmanned late at night, security personnel can respond to emergencies. We will introduce a system that enables self-service facility management called “Momijiya Net House.”

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In the International Cultural City, there is a net house that has small facilities (approximately 20 rooms) for short-term and long-term stays, a community hall for approximately 30 people that can be used for meetings, reading, eating, drinking, and showering, and a mini convenience store. There is a need for a facility called “Net House Community Hall.” This operation requires full-time, three-shift employees as well as part-time security guards and house cleaning staff, but the net house allows for unmanned operation late at night and can be operated 24 hours a day with two shifts per person. Basically, this is possible with automatic payment machines (check-in, check-out, payment), surveillance cameras, and 24-hour support equipped with remote conversation communication functions within the facility. Full-time employees will perform tasks such as cleaning the store and moving luggage, while also providing support services for users using communication avatars within the facility. When the facility is unmanned late at night, security personnel can respond to emergencies. We will introduce a system that enables self-service facility management called “Momijiya Net House.”

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In June 2023, seeds of black edamame, a specialty of the Tanba region, were germinated, approximately 3,000 seedlings were planted on approximately 2,000 square meters of Shinge farmland in Sennan City, and harvested on November 20th. Approximately 100 plants (3%) produced small fruits, but black edamame cultivation failed. As a result, since the climates of the production areas are almost the same, the effects of this year's abnormal weather caused the same crop failure as Tamba area. The farmland was cultivated without pesticides or watering from June to November. As a result, the areas where small fruits were produced were wetlands such as water mouths. However, even in this hot and dry season, the seedlings did not die.

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In June 2023, seeds of black edamame, a specialty of the Tanba region, were germinated, approximately 3,000 seedlings were planted on approximately 2,000 square meters of Shinge farmland in Sennan City, and harvested on November 20th. Approximately 100 plants (3%) produced small fruits, but black edamame cultivation failed. As a result, since the climates of the production areas are almost the same, the effects of this year's abnormal weather caused the same crop failure as Tamba area. The farmland was cultivated without pesticides or watering from June to November. As a result, the areas where small fruits were produced were wetlands such as water mouths. However, even in this hot and dry season, the seedlings did not die.

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