Japanese Journal of Grassland Science
Online ISSN : 2188-6555
Print ISSN : 0447-5933
ISSN-L : 0447-5933
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Volume 43, Issue 1
Displaying 1-33 of 33 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.Cover1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages App1-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.App1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages App2-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.App2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages Toc1-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.Toc1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages i-ii
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.i_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages App3-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.App3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages App4-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.App4
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages App5-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.App5
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages App6-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.App6
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  • Dynamics of the Horizontal Distribution of Herbage Mass in a Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) Pasture with Grazing by Cattle
    Masahiko HIRATA, Kiichi FUKUYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.1
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    As a first step toward clarifying "How much herbage and from what herbage mass places in a pasture do grazing animals consume?", the dynamics of the horizontal distribution of herbage mass with grazing was analyzed in terms of (a) the relationship between the pre- and post-grazing herbage masses, and (b) the relationship between the change in herbage mass with grazing and the pre-grazing herbage mass. The distribution of herbage mass was measured with an electronic capacitance probe along fixed transects in a bahiagrass pasture, before and after grazing with beef cattle. It was inferred that the cattle grazed the pasture on a basic principle, with some modification of the manner in response to the mean pre-grazing herbage mass. The basic principle was that the cattle consumed more herbage from places with greater pre-grazing herbage mass to an extent that the places still maintained greater herbage mass after grazing. The modification of the manner was that the cattle selected the places with high herbage mass more strongly as the mean pre-grazing herbage mass of the pasture decreased.
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  • Seasonal Trends of Tiller Emergence and Senescence in Several Temperate Herbage Grasses Grown under Sward Conditions
    Mutsuyasu ITO, Yoshiyuki SHIMAZU, Hiroshi YAMAGUCHI, Makako ITO, Takuy ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 7-13
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.7
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    Seasonal fluctuations of tiller population and tillering patterns in timothy (Phleum pratense L., TM), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., TF), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L., RCG) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L., OG) swards were examined under different cutting frequencies (i.e. FC=frequent, SC=standard, and LC=lenient cuttings, each harvested 8, 5, and 3 times per year, respectively). Each grass species revealed a specific tendency in tiller appearance and senescence which was mainly caused by the contrasting tiller-turnover occurred soon after harvestings. Most of existing tillers of RCG and TM lost growing activity after the cutting because of the removal of shoot apices on elongating tillers in both reproductive and vegetative states, and they were rapidly replaced with newly emerged tillers. This was categorized as alternating type of tiller composition. On the contrary, TF and OG hardly tillered during the actively growing seasons and the tiller density decreased gradually until sudden recovery of vigorous tillering in autumn. This was defined as conservative type of tiller composition.
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  • Degradation of Starch by α- and β-Amylases from Tap Root of Alfalfa
    Shinro YAMAMOTO, Tomohisa KANEKO, Yosuke MINO
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 14-17
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.14
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    Key enzymes involved in starch degradation in defoliated alfalfa root were studied in vitro using purified α-and β-amylases at the same activity levels as in vivo. Only α-amylase released water soluble carbohydrates from starch granules. β-Amylase produced reducing sugars in reaction with gelatinized amylopectin, and slightly- and readily-soluble glucans more than α-amylase. α-Amylase cleaved readily- and slightly-soluble glucans and amylopectin in the order of affinity, while β-amylase in the reverse order. These results suggest that starch degradation proceeds by the relay system of the two amylases.
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  • Comparison of X-ray Microanalysis Methods in Screening Mineral Concentration for Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Plants
    Suguru SAIGA, Koichiroh IZUMI
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 18-23
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.18
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    To examine suitable methods for X-ray analysis in screening for mineral concentration of orchardgrass, both wet chemical analysis and the X-ray analysis were conducted for the second and third growths of 37 orchardgrass plants. From the results of correlation between these two analyses, ashed sample was superior to non-ashed sample as a sample form. In addition to the correlation, the results of a tentative screening, difference in mineral concentrations between two groups separated by X ray analysis data, were used for the comparison of quantitative indications, detection times and mineral elements. As the results, the X-ray weight density was better than the X-ray intensity as a quantitative indication. In the efficient time of detection, 100 second was advisable from the point of stability and efficiency. In the possibility to screen mineral concentration of orchardgrass, Mg indicated high possibility for both the second and third growths, K and Ca did only for the second growth, and low possibility was found in P for both growths.
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  • Seasonal Changes in Productivity and Quality of Temperate Grasses and the Fluctuations with Years : 3. Changes of mineral content
    Kiyoshi WATANABE, Junko NONAKA, Suguru SAIGA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 24-31
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.24
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    Seasonal changes of mineral contents of 6 temperate grasses were compared and the relationship between mineral contents and meteorological elements was investigated. Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Agrostis alba, Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis were sown in 1984, and the mineral contents were determined from 1985 to 1989 under frequent cutting based on the pattern derived by an overlapping sequence of 3-weekly cuts. The grasses were received 200kg N+100kg P_2O_5+175kg K_2O/ha/year with even amount of top-dressing after each cut and no irrigation. Seasonal changes of average air temperature and precipitation showed that less precipitation was around the middle of June and less precipitation combined with high air temperature was around the middle of August, especially for August of 1985 and 1989. The N content of grasses declined around May, and recovered gradually by autumn. P and K contents and K/(Ca+Mg) ratio declined in mid June and in mid August, especially for August of 1985 and 1989, and recovered gradually thereafter. P and Ca contents were high, especially during the summer, in Lolium perenne. K content was low in Poa pratensis and Mg content was high in Festuca arundinacea. In Dactylis glomerata, K/(Ca+Mg) ratio was high, especially during the spring in the first harvest year, and Ca content was low during the spring.
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  • Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance in Yeso Sika Deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) Fed Round Baled Hay, Aalfalfa Hay Cube and Round Baled Silage
    Takayoshi MASUKO, Kousaku SOUMA, Hiromi KUMAGAI, Kouhei TAKASAKI, Yuic ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 32-36
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.32
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    The digestibility and nitrogen balance in Yeso sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) fed the round baled hay.the alfalfa hay cube or the round baled silage were compared with those in sheep according to total collection method of feces and urine. The daily dry matter (DM) intake in Yeso sika deer and sheep was 1.5-2.2% of the body weight. Water intake per metabolic body weight of Yeso sika deer varied between the individuals, but averaged values of the deer appeared not to be different from that of the sheep throughout the three diets. Within the same diet, the urinary excretion per metabolic body weight of Yeso sika deer was 1.7-3.3 times larger as much as that of sheep. Within the same diet, Yeso sika deer had lower digestibilities of crude fiber and hemicellulose than sheep. The digestibile crude protein (DCP), total digestible nutrients (TDN) or digestible energy (DE) contents of the three diets were not different between Yeso sika deer and sheep. In the diets of alfalfa hay cube or round baled silage, one of Yeso sika deer examined, as excreted greatly more urine, had higher excretion of urinary nitrogen per metabolic body weight than did sheep. As this result, both amount of retained nitrogen and rate of retained nitrogen expressed as the percentage of ingested and digested nitrogen were lower for such deer than for sheep. However, there was little differences in the amount and the rate of retained nitrogen between Yeso sika deer except for the high urinary excreted deer and sheep.
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  • Activity of Dung Beetle and its Effect on Dung Patch Existence in Grazed Pasture
    Koji TAKIGAWA, Mitsunori SATO, Asako YANAGI, Sohei ASAOKA, Nobuo YAMAS ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 37-41
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.37
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    The effects of dung beetle activity on the disappearance of cattle dung pat and dung patch existence were examined. In July 1994, 1kg fresh dung pats were artificially deposited on the pasture, which were thereafter rotationally grazed by Japanese Black cows till May 1995. Three treatments were examined; dung pat where dung beetles were excluded by a net (no beetle plot), dung pat kept under natural condition (beetle plot) and no dung deposition (control). In addition, 5 more beetle plots were prepared to estimate the population of dung beetles. The dry matter disappearance of dung pat was determined 1 week after dung deposition, and changes over days in dung pat areas were examined in both plots. The sward height was measured in 20×20cm square in which the dung pat concentrated, and in 4 squares surrounding the former. The mean number of dung beetles in beetle plots was 726.6. The dry matter disappearance of dung pat in beetle plots (23.0±7.36%) was higher than that in no beetle plots (6.9±1.79%). The dung pat existed more than 109 days in both plots. The dung patch existed during 280 days in both plots. These results indicated that dung beetles had the ability to bury about a quarter of fresh dung pat into the ground in 1 week, but there was little effect on the duration of dung patch existence.
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  • Effect of Heat Treatment on Solubility of Copper and Zinc in Grasses
    Kazuya NAKASONE, Yuji NAGASAKI, Yasuhiro KAWAMOTO, Kenji FURUTA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 42-45
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.42
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    Effect of heat treatment on solubility of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) against 1 normal hydrochloric acid solution were investigated on guineagrass (Panicum maximum var. maximum Jacq. cv. Gatton). These grinded samples were incubated at 20, 40, 60 and 80℃ for 1-6 days, after adjusted to 30-50% of moisture content, respectively. Two grass species of guineagrass and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Sakurawase) were also treated at 70℃, for 48 hours in the same way described above and examined on distributions of these minerals among cell wall constituents. After each sample was divided into some fractions using enzymatic analysis method, Cu and Zn contents in the lower digestible fraction were measured. The results were as follows; (1) The release ratio of Cu was decreased as the temperature and time increased, while decreased release ratio of Zn was only observed at 80℃. (2) Cu and Zn contents in lower digestible fraction of cell wall constituents were increased with heat treatment. Thus, decreased solubility of Cu and Zn in forage against the 1 normal hydrochloric acid extraction method was considered as a result of increased bindings of these minerals with lower cell wall constituents.
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  • Effect of Feeding with Heating Roughage on Copper Utilization in Goat
    Kazuya NAKASONE, Yoshio CHIBA, Yuji NAGASAKI, Takahiro MORIYAMA, Yasuh ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 46-50
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.46
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    Alfalfa hay cube adjusted to 50% of moisture content and heated under 70℃ in an oven for 96 hours, were examined to clarify the effect of heating on utilization of copper (Cu) in roughage, and Cu concentrations in blood serum, blood plasma, liver, heart, kidney and spleen of goats. Eight goats were divided into two experimental groups; The half was fed on untreated feed and the other on heat treated feed for 172 days, respectively. Blood samples from all goats were taken on 14 days before and 48, 110 and 172 days after the feeding trial started, respectively. No differences of Cu concentration between the heat-treated and untreated feeds were observed for a general wet ashing method (Nitric-perchrolic acid digesting method), whereas the concentration extracted with 1 N-HCl in the both rations were 4.1ppm and 9.7ppm on dry matter basis, respectively. Cu concentration in blood plasma and liver of goats fed on heat-treated feed were clearly lower than that of goats fed on untreated feed. These results suggest that heating treatment reduce Cu solubility of roughages and Cu intake by ruminants.
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  • The Relationships between Heading Characteristics and Dry Matter Production in Some Tropical Grasses
    Kiichi FUKUYAMA, Koji ITO
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 51-55
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.51
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    The relationships between heading characteristics and dry matter production were investigated in two cultivars of setaria (Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf et C.E. Hubb. cv. Kazungula and Narok), guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. var. maximum cv. Natsukaze) and green panic (P. maximum Jacq. var. trichoglume Eyles). The heading ratio (percentage of heading tiller number to total tiller number) in Narok setaria (SN) was considerably lower than those in the other grasses. Higher-nodal-position tillers appeared from the heading tillers in all the grasses. The tiller weight was considerably greater in guineagrass (GN) than in the other grasses. In Kazungula setaria (SK) and green panic (GG), although the increase in leaf area index was strongly depressed with heading, the potential canopy photosynthetic rate and the crop growth rate of top increased. This phenomenon was considered to be due to the shift of the main photosynthetic source from old leaves on the heading tillers to young leaves on the higher-nodal-position tillers. Such a shift was not evident in SN and GN, because SN had very few heading tillers and GN had large leaf area on the heading tillers.
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  • Influence of Addition of Previously Fermented Juice to Alfalfa Ensiled at Different Moisture Contents
    Mitsuaki OHSHIMA, Li-MAN CAO, Eiji KIMURA, Yuki OHSHIMA, Hiro-omi YOKO ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 56-58
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.56
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  • Genetic Improvement for in vitro Plant Regeneration in Timothy (Phleum pratense L.)
    Yoh HORIKAWA, Hiroyuki OHI, Seizi MIURA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 59-61
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.59
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  • A New Classification Method for Sorghum Varieties with Special Reference to the Interaction between Day-length and Temperature on Photoperiodic Reaction
    Junichi NAKANO, Sunao UOZUMI, Sigemitsu KASUGA, Hitoshi NAKAGAWA
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 62-63
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.62
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  • Effects of Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen on the Yield and Quality in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Seedlings
    Daisuke HIROSE
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 64-66
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.64
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 67-73
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.67
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 76-78
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.76
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 78-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.78
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 79-81
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.79
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 82-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.82
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages App7-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.App7
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages App8-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.App8
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages App9-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.App9
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.Cover2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
    Published: April 30, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.43.Cover3
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