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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
i-ii
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Masae SHIYOMI, Taisuke YASUDA, Emi SASAKI, Michio TSUTSUMI, Mikinori T ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
201-208
Published: August 15, 2002
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SHIYOMI et al. (2000) proposed a new method for surveying grassland vegetation and analyzing the surveyed data, based on the beta-binomial distribution. Using this method, we were able to estimate (1) the number of occurrences of each species observed per unit area (quadrat) in a grassland, (2) the degree of spatial heterogeneity for each species and for the whole community, and (3) the species diversity and its spatial distribution. In this paper, we develop a method for comparing the number of occurrences and the spatial heterogeneity between species which occur in the surveyed grassland. For this purpose, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on a random model was applied (adequate data-transformations are necessary for calculating statistical quantities). Using the error variance in the ANOVA, we can apply DUNCAN's method, SCHEFFE'S method, TUKEY's method for multiple comparisons between species and STUDENT'S t-test. This ANOVA will make it practical to analyse vegetation in grassland surveys.
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Suguru SAIGA, Hirokazu SAITOH, Shamima SABREEN, Mikinori TSUIKI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
209-215
Published: August 15, 2002
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Forage breeding programs to improve tissue mineral concentrations typically are time consuming. However, seedling selection for mineral concentration in nutrient solution culture, if effective, often shortens the period needed for selection. This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of nutrient solution culture in detecting genetic variability of shoot Mg concentration. Six orchardgrass cultivars differing in Mg concentration were examined for shoot Mg concentration in both a field study and nutrient solution cultures. In the field study, known high-Mg cultivars had significantly higher shoot Mg concentrations than other cultivars at each harvest. The high Mg cultivars also were higher in Ca concentration, and consequently lower in K/(Ca+Mg) ratio than the other cultivars. There were no differences in yield. Three mineral absorption experiments were carried out for seed-lings in nutrient solution cultures. The magnitude of differences among cultivars in Mg uptake per plant were not similar in each experiment. However, Mg densities in shoots were consistent through all three experiments, and the orders of cultivars were similar to the Mg concentration in the field study. Effectiveness of nutrient solution culture in detecting genetic variability of Mg concentration was found in orchardgrass seedlings.
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Aki MIZUGUTI, Aya NISHIWAKI, Masayuki OYAMADA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
216-220
Published: August 15, 2002
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Two types of Imperata cylindrica had reported from the Nohbi Plain in Japan. The early flowering type had named E-type and the late flowering type had named C-type. Recently, we found both E-type and C-type populations in the Miyazaki Plain. This is the first case for finding two types of Imperata cylindrica except the Nohbi Plain. We tried to compare the biological characters between E-type and C-type. This paper deals with differences of seed germination characters between two types of Imperata cylindrica considering sib effect. The germination percentages of sibs in E-type were higher than C-type under constant temperature and dark condition. There was remarkable effect on dormancy breaking by light and/or temperature fluctuation in seed of C-type. Result of Nested MANOVA considering sib effect shows the significant effect on interaction between type and temperature fluctuation. It can be says that seeds of C-type were dormancy but seeds of E-type were almost non-dormancy. There were linear relationships between incubation temperature and germination speed in both types. But, there are clear differences in line segment and line slope between two types. Line slopes of sibs in E-type were steeper than C-type. Threshold temperature in germination of sibs varied from 12.9℃ to 13.7℃ in C-type and from 14.4℃ to 15.9℃ in E-type. From these results, it is clear that there are clear differences in seed germination characters between E-type and C-type in Imperata cylindrica. These differences would be strong correlated to reproductive habit in the field.
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Kei IWABUCHI, Hiroshi OHTSUKA, Yoh HORIKAWA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
221-226
Published: August 15, 2002
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Four grazing-type alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars, Alfagraze, Amerigraze40l, ZG9437 and ZG9530, and two hay-type cultivars, 5444 and Maya, were investigated for the response of frequent cutting and trampling on plant growth characteristics. The cutting treatment was carried out 5 times per year, when plant heights reached about 30 cm. The trampling treatment was performed by running of an automobile after every harvesting. The results showed that four grazing-type cultivars were superior to the other two hay-type cultivars on forage yield and persistence under both the frequent cutting and trampling treatments. The influence of trampling was larger than that of frequent cutting. The higher forage yield and persistence of grazing-type cultivars were related to much plant number, early regrowth and residual stubble leaves after harvesting. It was considered that the grazing-type alfalfa has potentials to utilize for a flexible cutting schedule and the mixture with hay-type cultivar.
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Li-man CAO, Masakazu GOTO, Shuichi KARITA, Yasunari YAMAMOTO, Masaya M ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
227-235
Published: August 15, 2002
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The 1^<st> growth alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was ensiled into the lapping round-bales after treatments of wilting (W), with fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) after wilting (W-FJLB), and with FJLB directly after cutting (D-FJLB). Effects of treatments of wilting and FJLB additive on chemical composition and fermentation quality of the silage were examined. A constant-feeding trial of three total mixed rations (TMR), composed of 50% alfalfa silage, 20% oats hay and 30% barley grain based on total digestible nutrients (TDN) content, was carried out to determine the microflora and digestion activity in the rumen and the energy and nitrogen utilization using two ruminally fistulated dry cows. The FJLB additive significantly (P<0.05) improved the silage quality, as shown by the lower pH value and the higher concentrations of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids. The higher nutritive value of the alfalfa silage in the TMRs of W-FJLB and D-FJLB compared to that of the W silage was observed with their significantly (P<0.05) higher in vivo digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter and nitrogen free extracts and significantly (P<0.05) higher TDN content. This was in good agreement with higher in situ DM digestibility of the W-FJLB and D-FJLB alfalfa silage. The greater improvement of nitrogen retention in the dry cows fed on the TMRs of W-FJLB and D-FJLB was attributable to higher amounts of urinary allantoin, which was associated with higher bacterial growth in the rumen due to synchronized supply of energy and nitrogen to rumen microorganisms.
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Masanobu TAMAKI, Yasuhiro KAWAMOTO, Yosimi IMURA, Taku MOTOMURA, Tadas ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
236-241
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The effects of heat treatment of tropical grass and legume silages on the degradability of nitrogen in the rumen and the post-rumen digestive tract were evaluated. Tropical pasture legume species Phasey bean (Pb) and grass species Guinea grass (Gp) were ensiled. Four three-day heat treatments of 20, 40, 60 and 80℃ were conducted before opening the silos. The nitrogen degradation patterns of heat-treated silages in the rumen were measured by the nylon bag technique using two rumen-fistulated Holstein dry cows. After 24 hours, the residual protein was digested with pepsin-pancreatin solution to separate the degradable and undegradable nitrogen in the post-rumen digestive tracts. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The effective nitrogen degradability of Gp was higher than Pb, whose values have been shown to decrease with increasing heat temperature. 2. The ADF insoluble nitrogen was partially degradable in the post-rumen digestive tracts, even if treated with higher temperature. 3. It has been to shown that the degradable nitrogen ratio in the post-rumen digestive tracts tended to decrease by heat-treatment and the ratio of undegradable nitrogen in all digestive tracts tended to increase by heat-treatment.
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Daisuke HIROSE
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
242-247
Published: August 15, 2002
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I investigated the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and temperature on the early growth of alfalfa under short-day conditions using ^<15>N. The dry weight, total nitrogen content, and ^<15>N content in the NH_4 plot were higher than those in the NO_3 plot both at 20/15 and 30/250℃. The relative specific activity (RSA) of ^<15>N in the roots at both temperatures was higher in the NH_4 plot than in the NO_3 plot. These results suggest that the variation in the growth may be attributable to the differences in the uptake of nitrogen fertilizer.
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en Wu, Katsuharu SAITO, Shusuke SATO, Kazuo SUGAWARA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
248-253
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In this study, we investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and sporulation in rhizosphere of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. and Aster ageratoides Turcz. var. ovatus (Franch. et Savat.) Nakai which were frequently occurred in both native and sown grasslands. The mycorrhizal colonization of A. odoratum and A. ageratoides var. ovatus were significantly lower in sown grassland than in native grassland. Seasonal patterns of mycorrhizal colonization of A. odoratum and A. ageratoides var. ovatus were different between native and sown grasslands. The difference between the mycorrhizal sporulation in rhizosphere of A. odoratum in native and sown grasslands was small, and the mycorrhizal sporulation in rhizosphere of A. ageratoides var. ovatus did not differ between native and sown grasslands. The comparisons between shoot characteristics of both plant species, soil physical and chemical properties of both grasslands suggested that the low mycorrhizal colonization observed on the sown grassland was mainly influenced by high level of soil phosphate, soil acidification and soil compaction.
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Sunao UOZUMI, Yoshinori YOSHIMURA, Shunji KUROKAWA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
254-257
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Osamu ENISHI, Fuminori TERADA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
258-260
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Naoto ISHIKAWA, Katsuyoshi SHIMIZU, Osamu ENISHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
261-263
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Yoshitaka TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
264-267
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Kumiko OKUBO
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
268-276
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Kazuaki NAITO, Yoshitaka TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
277-282
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Satoshi TSUDA, Hiroko FUJITA, Miho AJIMA, Kuniko NISHISAKA, Tatsuichi ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
283-289
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Yasuji YAMAUCHI, Yoshitaka TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
290-298
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
299-300
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2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
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