Geographical Review of Japan
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
Volume 12, Issue 12
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • T. Yamagisi
    1936 Volume 12 Issue 12 Pages 1063-1080
    Published: December 01, 1936
    Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • S. Sugai
    1936 Volume 12 Issue 12 Pages 1081-1106
    Published: December 01, 1936
    Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
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  • Tadao KANO
    1936 Volume 12 Issue 12 Pages 1107-1133
    Published: December 01, 1936
    Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Botel Tobago, or Kôtôsho, which is a small island situated about 40 nautical miles southeast of Formosa, presents certain interesting characteristics from the standpoint of animal and, plant distribution. The author, who has visited the island five times since 1927, investigated the local fauna and flora, spending about 200 days in collecting material. The present paper deals with certain problems concerning the biogeography of the island, examines the nature of the fauna, flora, and vegetation, and discusses in some detail the origin and migration of life there. The main points treated therein may be summarized as follows:
    1. Geologically speaking, from the fact that Kôtôsho, together with Kashôtô, shows marked affinity with the Batanes and Babuyanes islands of the Philippines rather than with the mainland of Formosa itself, these islands are regarded as a northern extension of the Philippines.
    2. Climatologically, both Kôtôsho and Kashôtô are properly included in the same climatographical province as the Batanes and Babuyanes islands of the Philippines.
    3. Judged from its fauna, Kôtôsho undoubtedly belongs to the Orientalregion, consisting of a mixture of forms belonging to the Indochinese, Indomalayan, and the Philippine subregions, of which the last element is clearly predominant.
    4. Faunally, Kôtôsho clearly resembles the Batanes islands more than any other neighbouring region.
    5. The flora of Kôtôsho, with its pronounced Philippine characters, is in striking contrast to that of the mainland of Formosa.
    6. In vegetation types, Kôtôsho is totally defferent from those of the Formosan mainland, showing remarkable relations to the Philippines.
    7. When dividing the regions adjacent to Formosa into biogeographical provinces, Kôtôsho, together with Kashôtô, should be included in the Batanes-Babuyanes province.
    8. The northern part of the Neo-Wallace line as modified by Merrill and Dickerson should be revised and made to pass between the two islands (Kôtôsho and Kashôtô) and the mainland of Formosa.
    9. The extreme end of the Neo-Wallace line ought to be drawn between the Bonin and the Micronesian islands, should Dr. Kuroda's opinion that the line, instead of stopping in the neighbourhood of Formosa, ought to be extended still farther, be accepted.
    10. If the Neo-Wallace line runs between the Bonin Islands and Micronesia, Weber's line is then properly drawn between Micronesia and New Guinea.
    11. The most potent agency acting on the present distribution of life in Kôtôsho is without doubt ecological, among which the climatological conditions should mostly be taken into account.
    12. Besides the present ecological environments of Kôtôsho, the existence of a land bridge fomerly connecting Formosa via Kôtôsho and the Batanes islands with Luzon is also an important key to the solution of present life distribution, through which passage, Kôtôsho received intermigration of life from both north and south.
    13. This hypothetical land bridge broke off between Kôtôsho and Formosa after the southward migration of Formosan forms had ended, the water becoming a barrier to the northward migration of Philippine forms to the mainland of Formosa.
    14. The land bridge here postulated is supposed to have existed in late Pliocene or early Pleistocene, migration of life by this route having been accelerated by climatic changes during the Ice-age.
    15. The temperate-zone types of animals and plants in the high altitudes of N. Luzon came from the north, not by the Oligoceneearly Miocene land connection as erroneously suggested by Merrill and Dickerson, but by the land-bridge of geologically recent times as just mentioned.
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  • 1936 Volume 12 Issue 12 Pages 1134-1137,1150
    Published: December 01, 1936
    Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
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  • I. Matui
    1936 Volume 12 Issue 12 Pages 1138-1142
    Published: December 01, 1936
    Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
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  • I. Matui
    1936 Volume 12 Issue 12 Pages 1142-1147
    Published: December 01, 1936
    Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • T. Kano
    1936 Volume 12 Issue 12 Pages 1147-1149
    Published: December 01, 1936
    Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
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