地理学評論
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
26 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1~6を表示しています
  • 松本 豐壽
    1953 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 91-101
    発行日: 1953/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The study of the settlements of powerful families in the middle age has been hitherto neglected, yet I think that it is of great historical and geographical significance.
    The Settlements of powerful families called “Doijyo” were erected about the 14th or 15th Century. They are classified into three patterns. 1. a single enclosure style. 2. a, single moat and plural enclosures style. 3. double Moats and plural enclosures style. The settlements belonging to the second style were of the intermediate one between the first and the third. The settlements of the first style were the small-scale residences established below mountain castles and were chiefly distributed at the foot of the mountains. The settlements of the third style were mostly found in the plain. Each of the settlements of powerful families inn the Middle Age was the organic center of their own territory and an agglomerated settlement was formed around it, absorbing and drawing non-farming settlements ; but it remarkably contained the elements of dispersed settlements because of the feature of land system.
    In the 16th century, the function of the settlements of powerful families underwent remarkable changes. In war tune, local powerful families were organizedd into the retainer groups of a feudal lord. The part that each of the settlements of powerful families had, performed as the center of the district was completely denied and made rapid changes. The great fortress was released and the vast area was changed to cultivated land., the residence being left alone at the corner of it. The feudalistic power of the powerful families, however, is symbolized by the landscape of the peculiar residence surrounded by clay walls. Having lost the function as the center of the district, each of the settlements of powerful families in those days became only a large-sized residence in its character. It was this residence that was called “Doi”.
    In the 17th century Japanese castle cities were established. Since local powerful families were forced to move the new cities from their villages, their traditional residences in them completely decayed. The Japanese castle cities of the late Feudal Age were founded on those powerful families having been forced to move in there from their own local territory.
  • 吉野川下流低地の場合
    岸本 實
    1953 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 102-109
    発行日: 1953/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The writer discussed previously the population movements in the Feudal Days in the lower part of the Yoshinogawa valley in Tokushima Pref. and acknowledged that the further the region locates from Muyacho, the lesser the farmers move to the town, but that the correlation between the dis-tance and the number of the farmers who deserted their native lands is not so simple as said even now. The curve is the highest at about 4 kin away from the town and in the inner part of it as well as the outer the number lessens. However in the outer part of the 4kin circle, there still exist the regions where many farmers deserted and the factor of the movement can not be explained by the distance from the town. The writer calculated the ratio of feoff to clansmen in each of the old villages and noticed that the higher the ratio, the larger the number of the farmers who deserted their native lands.
    In the Feudal Days the feud of a clan consists of the directly controled lands by daimyo (Okurachi) and the feoff to clansmen (Saichi or Chigyochi), the farmers of the former were called Okura-farmers and those of the latter Zuiri-farmers. It is interesting to notice how Okurachi are distributed from the standpoint of political geography, viz. the regions financially advanta-geous for daimyo were all controled directly and the rest were given to clansmen In comparison of agricultural management the Zuiri-farmers were more disadvantageous and so they were apt to move to other districts, in short, higher feoff regions coincide those many farmers deserted.
  • 關口 武, 吉野 正敏
    1953 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 110-121
    発行日: 1953/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the present paper, the authors discussed the resume of the water economy in various drainage areas in Japan (Fig. 1), comparing calculated amounts of water surplus with those of observed run off in each month.
    (1) Patterns of the annual march of monthly amounts of water surplus, which are given by differences between evapotranspiration and precipitation in each month, are distinguished into five major types in Japan. Namely, (I) Japan Sea coast-Tohoku-Hokkaido type (snow covered area type), (II) Tokai-Kanto type, (III) Nankai type, (IV) Setouchi-Kinai type, , (V) Kyushu type (Fig. 2). They, coincide with the division of the, precipi-tation resume. (2) Annual amount of the water surplus (specific run off) reaches about 2, 000mm in the southeastern part of Kyushu, Shikoku, Kii and a part of Japan Sea coast (Eig, 2). (3) Comparing the water surplus With observed run off by monthly value, the resumes of water storage in Japan are grouped roughly into two main types. One is snow covered, and the other is non-snow covered area type. (4) Even in the months of snow cover, some parts of the water surplus run off in the same manner as the months of no snow cover. However greater part of them remains as snow cover until later months. The ratio of the amount of melted snow to that of remaining one may be determined by the snowfall, rainfall and mean temperature of the average Value in the drainage area. Therefore, the water surplus becomes larger than run off in April in the drainage of much snow cover (e. g. No. 58, 61 in Fig. 3), and lower temperature drainage (e. g. No. 80, 83 in Fig. 3). (5) In the Bai-u season (June) the water surplus is remarkably greater than the run off, and the reverse case occurs in July. It is more predominant in Kyushu and slightly appears in the Pacific Sea coast and San-in district (Fig. 3). This maximum of the dif-ference between water surplus and run off is related to the prcipitation density in June (Fig. 4). (6) In the Typhoon season, the difference between water surplus and run off is not so clearly seen as in Bai-u season. (7) On the relation between monthly amount of water surplus and run off, the Thornthwaite's formula
    _??_
  • 千葉 徳爾
    1953 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 122-127
    発行日: 1953/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The bear lands of Japan are distributed not in mountainous regions but at hillsides of populated lowlands. The cause of this may be attributed to gathering grass and fallen leaves, especially to digging pine stubs which had been main fuel for light.
    In Japan at the 16th century the production of commodities increased very much in quantity, and their market extended. As a result peasants u ere compelled to do handicraftic side-lines at night under the light of pine stub.
    This change of existence condition expanded both eastward and westward front Kyoto-Osaka district, the economic centre of Japan at that time. Along with this progress, great many pine stubs were Jigged and the area of bear land increased exceedingly. (Fig. 1)
    Now those reserved documents that prove the process above mentioned are available. The relation between these two is demonstrated by Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation. r=0.99.
  • 西條 八束
    1953 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 128-130
    発行日: 1953/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1953 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 131-134_1
    発行日: 1953/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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