地理学評論
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
28 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • 船越 謙策
    1955 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 101-111
    発行日: 1955/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 服部 〓次郎
    1955 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 111-121
    発行日: 1955/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • はげ山形成作用の機構
    千葉 徳爾
    1955 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 121-132
    発行日: 1955/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    As was previously reported by the author, in this district the common forests were most over-used and denuded, the private forests were best conserved, and the former were used for manure and fuel gathering by poor people who had no private forest. Such human activity as manure and fuel gathering made in excess made the earth surface arid, and the increasing aridity finally made the soil so barren that the vegetation cover repeatedly hewed and scratched became difficult or impossible to survive. The soil in an area showing evidence of deforestation is usually hard and repels water. The hardened and dried soil arrests the growth of vegetation, the protector of the earth surface, and its rejection of water causes the soil erosion in a long time. The degree of soil aridity is well expressed by the production of Armillaria matsudake, the mushroom characteristic to a forest of Pinus densiflora which is the most prevailing tree in a secondary forest of the district. This mushroom likes arid soil and does not come out from humid soil as in a primary thick forest. The poor yield of the mushroom in the devastated area under discussion shows that the soil is too arid even for Arnillaria matsudake.
    There are some people who attribute the formation of bare land to the prevalence of granitic rock in the district or to the nature of rock whether it is much or a little resistant to weathering and erosion. But this view must be denyed, because, even if the rock is, not so resistant, soil erosion never goes on unless the vegetation cover has been taken away.
  • 出口 源吾
    1955 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 133-144
    発行日: 1955/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    In formor times, Kawakami-znura, a high elevated mountain village situated in the uppermost reaches of the Chikuma river, long existed as a typical isolated mountain village in the central part of Japan. But since the opening of the houmi line in 1935 and the establishment of Shinano-hawakami Station, a rapid transformation has taken place. The aim of this paper is to make clear this transformation.
    1. The population has increased rapidly. Its ten year increasing rate was 40.5%, from 1930 to 1940. approximately doubling that of the previous ten years. (Figure 2)
    2. The percentage of the farm population has decreased, while that of the population in sawing industry, commerce and salaried occupation has increased. We can understand that there has occurred a great change in occupational structure. (Table 1)
    3. Nursering of young larch-trees by utilizing the rice fields and growing of truck vegetables suited for cool high elevated regions have become the most important income sources in agriculture. The horse-breeding, the former chief income source, has lost its importance now.
    4. At the same time, the land in communal ownership, which was meadows, pastures and forests for fuel, has been divided among the inhabitants as their private land holdings. The utilization of these forests has been greatly promoted, and these pastures are being afforested. It is obvious that forestry is another principal imcome source there.
    5. Changes in the extent of trade area, decrease of matrimonies within the village community and the expansion of the sphere of inter-marriage make us acknowledge the enlargement of the community. (Table 5)
    6. At the frontier settlements, Kawahake and Azusayama, the settlers depended only on foresty as their chief work, because the coolness indicated by 20°C of the mean temperature in August made them impossible to grow such crops as rice. But now, after they began to grow such truck vegetables as Chinese cabbages and ordinary cabbages and to rear seed silkworms, their income has increased a great deal. But, judging from their ability to pay tax, theirr newspaper reading, their owning of radios, postal matters and so on, the standard of living at those high elevated frontier settlements is lower than the center of the village near the railroad station.
    7. Thus, this mountain village, which has been forced to be satisfied with the low level of production caused by the cooler climate and isolated position, is endeavoring to find out the ways to overcome the backwardness in economy and culture, in order to promote the security of living, in response to the modern impoved communication means.
  • 1955 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 144-158_1
    発行日: 1955/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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