地理学評論
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
28 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • (1) 序説および現況分析
    奥田 義雄
    1955 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 261-274
    発行日: 1955/06/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The main subject of my studies about the regional structures of economical development is to analyse phenomena of “industrialization” that differ in different areas.
    2. In this paper, the “industrial area (in a broad sense)” is defined as complex categories, and classified into the four, according to the degr ees of concentration, -(a) Industrial-point or unit-areia, (b) I. -district, (c) I. -region, and (d) I. - zone. Several areas in the preceeding category compose the following one, and an “industrial district” has, as its nucleus, a manufactu ring centre.
    The industrial area is decided by means of dividing the given area according to the “Industrial Index (Ii)” which can be obtained as a combination of “a” for factories (F), “b” for workers (W), and “c” for out-put, (Pr) in each unit-area as shown in Table. 1. Consequently, the area is divided as follows:
    (1) (Ordinary) Industrial area, (2) Quasi i. a., (3) Transitional a., and. (4) Non i. a.
    3. In Saitaina Pref. for exmaple, four industrial areas are recognized, M. shown in the Fig. 1. Kawaguchi-Omiya area is the most industrialized one as compared with the rest, and its manufacturing output is 45% of, that of the whole prefecture. The rest three especially Hanno-Tokorozawa area, are less industrialized than the former. And other areas except those aforementioned are almost composed of Quasi i. a.
    4. Most of the manufacturing factories in these areas are small in scale, averaging 10.3 workers each. Many of these are the so-called domestic industries (about 90% or more), and their productivities are of low standard in general, as shown in the Table 2.
    5. Kawaguchi-Omiya Area with its core of Kawaguchi district, is being recognized as a part of “Tokyo-Yokohama Industrial-zone”. Though the rest three main areas are nearly recognized as the “industrial regions”, however, their formation are some what incomplete. Other industrial regions are generally small and more imperfect. Yorii Matsuya, na, and most of regions over the Tdbu-teichi areas (the low land east of the prefecture) are composed of isolated “industrial districts” with each small core.
    In general, there can be pointed out the following tendencies on the order arrangements of classified manufacturing factories from Tokyo outwards. (cf. Fig. 2, Fig. 3.)
    (1) In the branch of the heavy industry, there appear the following tendencies:
    1. Metal-working industry→2. Heavy machinery i. (General i-nachinery. i→Transportation equipnnents and machinery.)→3. Light machinery i. (Electrical machinery and appliances i.→Precision machinery and allied industry).
    (2) In the branch of the light industry, such tendency is not so clear however, it may be pointed out that ratio of the cotton and woolen (spinning and weaving) industries is the highest in the vicinity of Tokyo. On the contrary, the silk reelings and weavings, and the lumbering and woodenware industries show the high ratios in the areas farthest from Tokyo. The sewing industries take the high ratios in the rual areas.
    (3) In the branch of chemical industries, two types of distribution are inferred. One of them is the drugs, medicines, dyes and rubber industries which are also situated relatively near Tokyo in addition to the heavy machinery industries; and the other, the manufacture of chemical fertilizer near the lime-stone i pining areas which are relatively distant from Tokyo. In consideration of the foregoing, we can understand the general tendencies of the arrangement of manufacturing f actories in proportion to the distance from Tokyo, that is to say. the centripetal and centrifugal distributions.
  • 水津 一朗
    1955 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 274-285
    発行日: 1955/06/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    According to Unstead, the smallest unit-areas of geographical study is defined as stows, which are grouped together to from larger areas, defined as tracts, sub-regions, minor regions and major regions. This scheme is not to deal with reciprocal relations between regions. Concepts of the smallest unit-area defined by some Gerln.ian ecologist as biotop or ecotop do not cover the primary life-spare that is to be a superorgaism.
    It is W. Christaller who found the regional hierarchy between superorganism. There is a current tendency in Europe and America to study central places and their hinterlands. But the common measure of the importance of a place is not to be found. There are some differences between the functional grades of the regional center and its tributary area according to different criterion. Without this point, some striking similarities in attributes of the region are to be observed in the findings of geographers in Europe.
    Tributary areas such as Gau, hundred, centena, seder and medieval market are identical in size with M. A. Kreis according to Christaller's rule. But now, our widest areas of daily life are connected with B. G. P. L Kreis. I can thence find a theory of spatial evolution. Christaller's theory that the distance between centers of each successive class increases by _??_ is to certain degree applicable to spatial evolution of interest area.
    Godlund's rule of the cential evolution can not explain phenomenon of market falling and changes of regional arrangement caused by different systems of the traffic. There are some relics from the past self-contained area, those influence disturbs the glowing hierarchical order of the region. These disturbances are to be explained by the regional inertia. It is a urgent subjoct of social geographers, however, to fund delicate relations between grade of centrality and inner constructions of regional communities. From this point of view, geographers are able to find a proper field of “Soziogeograplie”.
  • 木地 節雄
    1955 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 285-296
    発行日: 1955/06/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Retail market area is distinguished from other market area. Because its areal extention is restricted by distance and time, as the customers the-mselves go to the shops. The market area. of a large city extends widely, so the small market area of its adfacent local trade center is included in the large market area and cannot exist independently. In this report the general relation between Kyoto and the adjacent trade center on the San-in Line ie geographically treated.
    2. The market area of Kyoto reanhes to the hounadary of Funai-gun, running at about one, hour and forty minutes distance from Kyoto by train. Therefore the market areas of local towns such as ieoka, Yogi and Sum be are included in the large market area of Kyoto.
    3. But generally the gravitation of the retail market of Kyoto is stronger than any local center. That is, Kyoto attracts. 56.4% of all customers in them area, and. Sonobe 13.6% Kameoka 11.1.%, Yagi only 5.7% The above mentioned phenomenon is caused by richness in variety and superiority in quality of the commodities in Kyoto. The local centers have only inadequate shopes to fulfill the shopping desire of customers.
    4. Many of them, shop food-commodities (higher class) at the local centers, but they buy clothes and furnitures, in spite of their large volniiie, in Kyoto.
    5. Shopping in Kyoto is promoted by quick and favorable transportation by rail from their habitation to Kyoto. These are the factors in the wide coverage of the market area of Kyoto along the San-in Line.
  • 小栗 宏
    1955 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 296-304
    発行日: 1955/06/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    Towns and villages of Japan have two characters: admunistrative unit and comm nity. However. a community grows larger or decays like alivbig thing. Sometimes a town or village area does not conform to a community area. In such cases the integration or separation of administrative area is necessary. The reshuffling of towns and villages in 1889 was made by leasing on the Community system with old socio-economic ties inherited from the Shogunate era. Soon after the reshuffling, Japanese towns and villages were influenced by the industrial revolution and the growth of cities. The Law of 1889 was proved to be not well-workable for the local administration. The Low of 1889 was revised in and it was permitted to towns and villages to or gan.ize an association according to a common interest, which thenceforth have generally made a new community tie. And then, those towns and villages concerned were joined together into one. The number of towns and villages in Japan has been decreasing, and their areas have been becoming larger and larger.
  • 1955 年 28 巻 6 号 p. 304-315_2
    発行日: 1955/06/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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