Looking at the results of the surveys taken along the coast of the western part of Enoshima (Kanagawa Prefecture) and of Tokai village (Ibaraki Prefecture), “period” the author found among the intercuspspaces periodical changes the length of which could be called as by the author.
The average length of these periods is about 500 meters, and one period contains many cusps which are arranged in order of length i.e, from long to short and short to long again. Along the shore, longshore bars and troughs are developed. Corresponding to the periods, these bars have been situated in front of the period.
Based on these facts, the author presumes the relation between cusps and long-shore bars as follows:
The wave is reached and, broken on the bar, and plunged into the trough. The strength of the plunging of wave may take the strongest on the center part of the bar and weak on sides of the bar, because the height of the, bar above the bottom of the trough is high at the center and low at sides of the bar.
Consequently, concerning the strength of the swashing on the beach, the front part of the bar is stronger than the side parts of the bar. Accordingly, the huge cusps formed on the beach of strong swashing and minor cusp formed on the beach of weak swashing.
On the western coast of Enoshima the sizes of cusps and bars are larger than on the eastern part, and on the coast of Tokai village, they are larger in the northern part than in the southern part. In the region of Tokai village, the sizes of cusps are inflicted by influences of the banks locating off estuary of Kuji River and they are the shelter against the north_??_eastern wind waves also. In case of Enoshima, however, the reason of difference of sizes of cusp and bars, in the eastern and the western parts, is considered as the loss of energy of wave by the bottom friction.

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1. In spite of its importance, the analysis of the economic structure of the society of isolated islands has been often neglected in the Japanese geographical circle. The present paper intends to point out the problem on which the society of isolated island faces now, by means of the analysis of the economic structure.
The Goto Islands, located about 90km west of Nagasaki City, capital of Nagasaki Prefecture, consist of about 200 islands in large and small sizes, though men live only in 34 islands.
O-shima and Aka-shima, which are located about 15_??_18km south of Fukue City, principal city of Fukue Island, the main islad in Goto Islands, are both very small volcanic islands composed of the basic lava.
2. As the less productive forces of the agriculture and fishery in both islands have disturbed the accumulation of capital essential to the expanded reproduction, that is, improvement and developement of the means of production, the economical poverty has become unremovable in these island societies after all.
3. Since the end of Taisho period (1912_??_1926), many island people of productive ages have moved to Nagasaki City to be engaged in Isei Pair Trowl Fishery.*
The economy of island society composed of old men and children could be hardly supported by the money sent from emigrants. Then the constitution of the population in both islands has a typical figure of emigrated area with a remarkable hollow in the productive ages.
As the people of isolated island societies have emigrated in many cases through the blood and regional relationship between the pioneers, we can point out the characteristics of the emigration as follows.
(i) Immigrated area → Nagasaki City → a concentrative type in the same area.
(ii) Residential quarter → Inasa-machi, Nagasaki City → a concentrative type in the same quarter.
(iii) Occupation Isei Pair Trowl Fishery → a concentrative type in the same occupation.
(iv) Situation → Fishing laborer → physical labor type.

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A human being has been endeavoring to enlarge the living space and to shorten the time of correspondence. As a means to achieve this purpose we have communication, which always arises at a certain place, alternates and gradually shortens the time of correpondence to zero. In other words, we are accelerating the alternation between areas of human groups and changing the form and function of the construction of each area. And we can see differences both in the alternating and arising of communication according to the areas.
Now in this study, we are going to divide Japan into areas, 278 planet cities which are municipalized, as model ones, according to the arising of telephone communication. Concerning the way of study we count out quantitative factors such as population, amount of enterprising, number of workers in the second class industry as well as those of the third class and the proceeds of shops. In order to vanish the influence we made a function as follows:
X₀=-1.028+0.091X₁+0.0128X₂-0.064X₃-0.049X₄+0.145X₅+ε'
And we also tried the same thing for the qualitative factors such as dwelling planet cities, hotspring cities and important port cities, using the statistical way of measuring. Finally we have divided Japan into 13 areas, from which we have tried to reduce influence caused as mentioned above and have found that the following 13 areas still have their own powers.
1. Hokkaido area ……………………………0.003 2. Tohoku area ……………………………0.019 3. Northern Kanto area …………………-0.072 4. Eastern Tokai area ……………………0.042 5. Mid11e land of Japan ……………………0.054 6. Middle back side of Japan ……………0.036 7. Chukyo area ………………………………0.049 8. Kinki area ………………………………0.105 9. Sanin area ………………………………-0.067 10. Sanyo area ………………………………0.015 11. Shikoku area ……………………………-0.066 12. Northern Kyushu area ………………0.022 13. Southern Kyusyu area ………………-0.183
It shows that Kinki area becomes the center, Tokai and Hokuriku higher than average in the power of arising of communication; the power is gradually reducing to below average, as if goes on toward the southern part of Japan, such as Sanyo, Shikoku and Kyushu. In other words the eastern part of Japan is high and the western and southern part low.
It means that the middle of Japan is regarded as an advanced area, and the south-western part the last one, and the north-eastern part the middle area regarding of telephone-communication.

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