中緯度における各大陸の上層大気の状態を東岸と西岸で較べると,かなりの相違が見られる.特に大気環流の集中域であるジェット流に着目すると,北半球の大陸東岸では西岸よりその勢力が強く,冬季はこの傾向が著るしい.南半球では北半球程明確ではないが,類似の傾向が見られるところがある.また上層気温や層厚の南北傾度も,これに対応して東岸と西岸で大きな差異が見られる.ジェット流および上層気温等の季節変化は,半球規模の上層天気図から読みとった循環型の季節的な出現頻度と関連し,またこの事から,従来なされて来た所謂中緯度の東岸気候,西岸気候の特徴の差異の説明をもう一歩つっこんで定量的に分析しようとした.第1報では,現象面からみた南北両半球の東岸西岸に沿う上層大気の状態が,どの程度の差異を持っているかを明らかにし,従来殆んど比較されなかった各大陸についての上層大気の比較を試み総合的な報告とした.なお,第2報では,この差異をもたらす原因について考察する.

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石炭不況はますます深刻の度合いを深め,大手炭鉱会社といえども軒並み赤字経営で,巨額の国家資金の援助の支えでようやく息をついている状況である.現状では石炭の採掘・販売のみでは,経営の黒字は期待できないeこのことは常磐炭田でも例外ではない.低品位の一般炭を主体にしているだけに,むしろ事態は一層深刻化しているといえる.
常磐炭田において独占的な生産比重をもつ常磐炭鉱(株)も,繁栄期の7割にあたる約7000人の従業員で,繁栄期を上廻る年間約260万の出炭量をあげているものの,経営は久しく赤字で無配を続けている.そこで他の大手炭鉱会社にみられるように,常磐炭鉱においても経営の多角化,すなわち他部門を兼営することによって石炭部門の赤字を埋め,総合的には経営を黒字にもっていこうとする傾向を強く押し出さざるをえなくなっている.本研究はこの実態を明らかにし,常磐炭田の地域性とどのように関連しそいるかを解明しようとするものである.
常磐炭鉱は以前からかなりの系列会社をもっていたが,近年はとくにこの拡充に力を入れているmこれらの系列会社は,残炭鉱区の処理,石炭の輸送・販売,倉庫,機械製作,火力発電,石炭製品,食品,観光などの分野に分れているが,炭鉱経営上から派生してきたものが多い.そして,これらの系列会社の性格を分析していくと,石炭生産にともなう独特な系列会社発生のメカニズムが明らかにされるe同時にエネルギー革命に直面した炭鉱会社が,系列会社をクッションにして,これをどのように受け止めようとしているかがわかる.

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Ogata Village (Hachiro-gata Reclamation Centre completed in 1966) is meant for a model farming village with new management of high productivity and income. In order to create this modernized farming community more than ¥41, 000, 000, 000 was invested out of the national budget since 1957 when the reclamation began. Naturally it is observed with keen interest as a first case of this sort in Japan. At present 143 houses publicly subscribed throughout the country (first plantation 57 houses, the second 86) have joined the community, the third being (182 settlers) under discipline. The new settlers manage about 10 ha of rice field per house by home labour, and direct sowing is generally expected by the help of big farming machines shared with others.
The first settlers began work last year (1968). The characteristics and some problems in their farming are as follows;
1) 57 houses are divided into two groups with proportion A:B=7:5.
A Group: a complete co-operation in management offered with the even distribution of the harvest.
B Group: Only the use of machines is shared and naturally the harvests different.
A group system was considered more desirable at first, but it did not outnumber B, not much at least as you see. This year very few houses will belong to A group.
The reasons are:
a) The labour powers of houses are different from each other in quality as well as in quantity.
b) Co-operation has a tendency to put restraints upon private life as well.
c) Settlers have a natural tendency to divide in their opinions even about the rice cultivation.
d) And that the harvest last year of B group surpassed that of A group.
2) At the end of May the proportion of planted fields (480 ha) is, direct sowing 62.8%, transplanting 37.2% (hand-transplanting 25.4%). This big percentage of hand-transplanting shows the settlers' anxiety about the first crop and confidence in the traditional old method. Now the sprouting and growth of the field of direct sowing (301 ha) was remarkably bad owing to the unstable condition of the soil, the unseasonableness in the sprouting period, the technical lnproficlency of direct sowing in the region. Thus about 100 ha had to be replanted. So at the end of June transplanting came to 57.9% (of which 47% is by hand) and direct sowing reduced to 42.1%. The principle of direct sowing of the village is thus fell back greatly.
3) At the end of the last year Hachiro-gata new Community Corporation (an institute to guide farming and community building of Ogata Village) reported the average rice harvest was 368.5kg per 10 a in case of transplantation and 281.4kg in case of direct sowing. The report naturally increased the apprehension of settlers against direct sowing. On the part of the corporation, direct sowing is principle and in the process of transplantation machine power, not man power, is the rule. This is one of the issues hotly discussed among people in the community.

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