本稿は、先行研究で示された「ビジネス英語スピーチにおける概念メタファの時系列的構造」をさらに明確にするために、アメリカ大統領の政治スピーチを新たに比較検証することで、ビジネススピーチ特有の概念構造とは何かを明からにするものである。まずは先行研究で分析された2005年～2010年のビジネススピーチ60本に、同じく2005年～2010年に発表されたブッシュ／オバマ両大統領による20本の政治スピーチを加え、合計で20万語を超えるコーパスを独自に構築した。それらを先行研究と同じ手法で分析・比較検証した結果、概念メタファの「(1)量的」「(2)分布的」支配性に加えて、先行研究で新たに立証された「(3)時系列的」支配性の存在が、政治スピーチにおいても確認された。さらに、メタファグラムによる比較分析では、「メタファの量的変化」が、政治スピーチでは「均等な分散」と関連する一方、ビジネススピーチでは「(3)時系列的支配性」と高い相関を示すという違いが判明した。メタファの「量的推移」と「時系列的な起伏」が相関関係にあるのがビジネススピーチ特有の概念構造であるという発見をふまえ、ビジネススピーチのメタファ分析における時系列的概念の重要性が、改めて支持される結果となった。

This paper explores the origins of the formation of industrial agglomeration to identify strategic trends in establishing new business facilities in regional Japan. The formation of agglomeration is often due to historical backgrounds; however, this study reveals that developing urban infrastructure in advance and leveraging human resources and existing industries unique to the locale can in effect lead to the establishment of new business facilities. This paper also shows corporate strategies capitalizing on the circulative clustering forces (forward linkage effects and backward linkage effects) that arise from the formation of agglomeration is critical for sustaining and developing industrial agglomeration. Considering the ongoing changes in international structures of division of labor, the paper views locating business facilities to a region is to be in part of the global supply chain, with areas in which the region is weak to be aggressively handed off to external economies (industrial outsourcing). Furthermore, the study also shows that promoting innovation and interaction with human capital outside the region are vital to ensure the competitive superiority of specialized industries of the region.

Macau overtook Las Vegas in sales of casinos in 2006. Up to the present day, many observers have attributed the remarkable success of the city to its open-door policy to capital investment from abroad. They assert that the revitalization and institutionalization of casino facilities effected by accepting foreign capital is the most important factor that has directly led to the success of Macau casino. By critically examining their views, this paper will concentrate on the structural changes of the Macau industry brought about by opening its doors to the outside world, and consider other factors that account for Macau' success.

Competence to communicate is essential for those who work at medical institutions. Various kinds of communication trainings have been provided in professional health care education, and acquiring good skills in medical interviews has been a major interest in higher education. However, many of those trainings have paid little attention to interactive communication with patients and competences for inter-professional collaboration. It is important that students have a chance to participate in the dialogue as a member of community of inquiry into the issues they are sharing. This experience will help students understand human diversity in terms of both aspects of sameness and difference. The method of “Socratic Dialogue” was introduced as a part of training for health care professionals. We report educational implications of offering opportunities to experience community inquiry.

This paper focuses on the aspects of art for art's sake and religious sense through The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) which was written by Oscar Wilde. The Picture of Dorian Gray is one of the most well-known

works by Wilde and has been regarded as the immoral novel. However his short fictions for children, namely, The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888) and The House of Pomegranates (1891) are filled with his religious sense. I have investigated religious aspects in The Picture of Dorian Gray, and have clarified not only the coexistence of art for art's sake and his religious sense but also the conflict between both of them.

The purpose of this study is to examine cases of the “past life therapy” of “spiritual” pain by means of the method of Dr. Brian Weiss's “past life therapy” by surveying summaries of patients' age, occupation,religion, symptoms, treatment and psychological state. Through this case study, the authors of this essay wish to pave their way to consider the tendency of spiritual pain, and to clarify the issues and direction of future care. In the framework of the “past life therapy,” “spiritual” pain of life in this world is a pain which is visible to the real being because this catches the pain as it is. A sufferer's sense of being seen by the real being leads the sufferer to reduce pain. According to the theory, talking about death and experiences of world after death “widen our horizons”, and “values and behaviors change when the sufferer wakes.” This enables the sufferer to “transcend” this world and rise to a multilateral dimension of mind, spirit, or soul.This world briefed here is a main subject of our analysis.

When patients leave hospital and wish to continue to receive medical care and treatments at home, what kind of support and aid should be provided by ward nurses to the patients concerned and their family members?

Nurses' opinions and views and cases of patients and their families were examined by reference to Anne Bishop’s perspective of nursing. The analysis showed the following. Firstly, nurses tend to perceive home care purely in a medical framework; they have some difficulty in understanding that the contexts of everyday living for patients and their families differ from those of medical providers. In the second place, adhering too much to nursing manuals at hospital, nurses tend to have pre-conceived notions of patients' abilities, while elderly invalids find it hard to go through advanced procedures which nurses require. This creates a gap between techniques that nurses consider necessary and those that patients’ families want to know about. In the third place, nurses are considerate towards patients and their families, get along with them cordially, and collaborate closely with home care specialists. To conclude, it is necessary that nurses have a clear notion of the situations which patients and their families are set in and confronted with in their every-day life at home, and by doing so, offer aids and assistance according to their desires and wishes.

Zenmaro Toki(1885-1980) is well-known both as a poet and as a translator of Tu Fu’s poetic works. After retiring from a newspaper company, he devoted himself to study on classical Chinese literature. He made remarkable achievements in this field after the Second World War. He wrote many scholarly essays on Tu Fu’s poems. These essays need to be read in a new light and deserve to be revalued on their merits.

Abstract:

The principal aims of the present study were to elucidate differences by life stage and comparatively examine the utility of the model by Holland et al. used for analysis of the psychological progress in patients with breast cancer during the fight against the disease following the notification of cancer. We comparatively examined the behavior of patients with breast cancer using phases 1–3 of the model by Holland et al. to classify and categorize each psychological state. The results revealed the following points:

1) with regard to the psychological process following notification of breast cancer, there were cases in which the patients passed from phases 1 and 2 to reach the phase 3 of "adaption" and cases in which the patients shifted to phase 3 without going through phases 1 and 2. In addition, individual differences were remarkable during the periods of each phase. The model of Holland et al. is useful as a reference in understanding the psychological process of breast cancer patients following notification of cancer, thereby making it possible to elucidate the characteristics of the individual psychological processes of patients with breast cancer. 2) In the case of young women, especially single women with no spouse, the psychological impact of "anxiety" "shock," "fear concerning the future," etc. was great. In particular, patients specifically manifested complex psychological anxiety and fear concerning damage to femininity and motherliness.

That is, the psychological process following notification had a significant effect on life stages. 3) The results show that support by nearby family members, health care practitioners, and other persons who have experienced breast cancer contributes to the amelioration of the various anxieties and fears that breast cancer patients feel after notification and promotes adaptation.