本研究は、ビジネス英語スピーチと政治スピーチの背後にある関連性について、時系列的な比喩構造をヒントにマクロ的視点から分析を試みるものである。2005～2015年に発表された110本のビジネススピーチを分析した先行研究の成果を、11年という長期的な時間軸で俯瞰的に分析することで、ビジネススピーチと政治スピーチの隠れた関連性を明らかにしていく。まず、11年間・110本のビジネススピーチを分析した先行研究の論点を整理し、メタファグラム分析によって示された「概念構造を特徴づける５つの支配性パターン」のデータを整える。そして11年間分の支配性構造のデータについて、(1)視覚的なグラフ分析、(2)相関性の統計分析、(3)時系列を反映した自己相関分析を施すことで、マクロ的かつ複眼的な観点からビジネススピーチと政治スピーチの関りを調査する。これらの分析の結果、(1)大統領選挙の時期にビジネススピーチの概念構造に特異な変化が見られること、(2)2005～2015年に大統領であったブッシュとオバマ両氏の特徴的な概念構造と、ビジネスに特徴的な概念構造に逆の相関がみられること、(3)ビジネス特有の概念構造には(大統領の2期の任期と同じ)8年間の周期性が認められることが明らかになった。

“Ramen” is now different from Chinese noodles originated in mainland China and develop itself into a Japanese food with diversity. On the other hand, back in 1980s, Japanese Ramen had little diversity – basically on the premise of Chinese elaboration - than that of today. Then 1990s showed a gradual change on it when a concept of “Wa” (=Japanese spirit of harmony) was brought into Ramen with more recreational value of food and in that process, it became something emphasizes “Japanese tradition” instead of Chinese elaboration.

Here we take a look at this “Ramen transition” in Japan from a viewpoint of both “Chuka” (=Chinese) and “Wa”images with time series analysis.

This study explores what are the problems of “Religious Pluralism” of John Hick (1922-2012). First by representing the intellectual situations in which the idea of “Religious Pluralism” was presented to the theological world, and then by surveying the arguments about the “three categories” which define what Christianity as a religion considers itself to be, the author examines theoretical difficulties in Hick’s doctrine about “Religious Pluralism” in connection with the Christian idea of salvation.

The ethical theories of R. M. Hare are divided into early and later stages. In the early stage, more concretely, in his The Language of Morals (1952), he pointed out properties of prescriptivity and universalizability which moral terms such as ‘good’, ‘right’, and ‘ought’ had. According to him, moral terms, especially ‘ought’, have prescriptive meaning as commands or imperatives, and such prescription can be universalized. In Part 2 of his book, Hare pointed that the primary meaning of ‘good’ was commendation. In this paper, I consider Hare’s analysis of ‘good’. First, I outline his analysis of moral terms (§1, §2, §3).Next, I explore the consideration of ‘good’ given by P. T. Geach and J. L. Mackie, by which it turns out that Hare’s analysis of ‘good’ should be actually considered in level of illocutionary acts that was introduced by J. L. Austin in his How to Do Things with Words (1955) (§4 and §5). Finally, I give the new analysis of other several uses of ‘good’ from the point of view of the speaker’s intention (§6).

Why do a definite number of starting young nurses retire soon after finding new posts? This paper tries to find out the reasons by focusing on psychological processes by which they leave in less than a year after they are employed. Analysis of documents concerned reveals: they find their working environments different from what they have expected them to be; skills they have acquired at nursing schools/colleges prove insufficient for their expected jobs; they find it difficult to get along well with senior members; their mind and body do not fit in well; they lose interest in work of nursing itself. These reasons account for the difficulty of securing sufficient numbers of nurses, while they are common to other young people of the same generation working in other fields.