This paper focuses on color descriptions in The Lord of the Rings. This fantasy fiction is a story of dangerous journey in which Frodo and Sam endeavor to throw away the evil ring into the crater of the mountain. All the time, they fight against enemies under the control of the Dark Lord Sauron. The battles, for Frodo and Sam, include both internal and external conflicts. Tolkien experienced World War I and II, therefore, some of which are reflected in many battles of the story. He tried to picture the tragic wars with the symbolical use of colors and to clarify what evil is.

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The Georgian conflictoccurred in 2008, and on that occasion Russiamade military campaigns in order to protect its own national interests. Also Russia announced its “Initiative in Foreign Policy”before the conflict started and “Five Principles of Foreign Policy” after it ended. In accordance with these strategic measures, recently Russia adopted a strong policy towards the United States and Western countries. In this thesis, the present Russian “Initiative in Foreign Policy” and “Five Principles of Foreign Policy” are closely examined in order to make clear why Russia has taken strong oppositions to the US and Western countries. Through this analysis the author will consider the background against which the Georgian conflict took place and what problems the conflict has put on Russia in terms of its security.

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This research focused on the adoption of Smart Phone, regarded as a future mobile device, in Japan and South Korea, where needs for Mobile Internet are continuously on rapid increase. To find out the influences on Behavioral Intention (BI) for the adoption of Smart Phone by Mobile Telecommunication Services Users in both countries, we adopted 4 preceding variables (PE: Performance Expectancy,EE: Effort Expectancy, SI:Social Influence, and FC: Facilitating Conditions) of the Technology Acceptance Model, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Using data collected from total 800 respondents by online survey, this research found out that all 4 preceding variables affect the BI for the adoption of Smart Phone both in Japan and South Korea. Although EE has the lowest influence on BI in Japan and SI is the lowest in Korea, PE and FC affects the BI stronger than EE and SI in both countries. and SI is the lowest in Korea, PE and FC affects the BI stronger than EE and SI in both countries.

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