In this essay the author attempts to examine how Clive Staples Lewis refuted Freud’s argument about human nature and mind. Until he returned to Christianity and became a powerful apologist, Lewis had to make a long journey of difficulties with twists and turns. The Pilgrim’s Regress is the first book he wrote after he was brought back to Christian faith. Written in a form of allegory, the story tells how Lewis came back to what was his original belief. In the story, a young man named John sets out from his home of Puritania in search for an Island where he might be saved and set free. While wandering, John strays into Zeitgeistheim, where he is captured by a man called Sigismund. This caricatured character representing Sigmund Freud and his followers has this to say: the Island is nothing other than a lustin disguise and the eastern mountains are no more than reified wishful thinking. In the face of this theory which explains what are real as mere reflections of subjective human thoughts and feelings, John realizes that reality and truth exist independent of, and apart from, human minds whether one likes it or not. Fundamental criticism of Freudian notions was an absolutely necessary step in the process of Lewis’s “regress”.

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本稿は、スピーチコミュニケーションのメタファ分析における「メタファグラム」(造語)に関連し、話者やスピーチを特定するための技術となる「比喩紋」の可能性を考察するものである。スピーチにおける概念メタファの時系列的な表出傾向の推移は、メンタルディスタンス分析によって描写できることが分かっている。ここでの議論は次の２点に絞られる。まず、(1)時系列的な推移状況を、視覚性に富む「メタファグラム」でとらえたとき、その特徴が、話者を特定しうるほどの有意性を持つのかということ。そして、(2)メタファグラムが時系列的特徴を示すとすれば、それは具体的にどのようなものなのかという疑問である。本稿では、先行研究で考察された２人の発表者による６本のスピーチを再検証の素材とし、メタファグラムを構成する個々の要素について、より詳細な統計分析を施して考察を進めた。援用したのは、相関分析、時系列分析、定常化、自己相関分析、そして交差相関分析である。その結果、得られたメタファグラムには、それだけで人物の特定を実証しうるほど統計的に有意な相関性はみられなかった。しかしその一方、メタファグラムによって記録される各メタファ要素の関連性に、隠された「時系列的周期性」が存在することが明らかになった。

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Today, cloud computing is essential for our society.Cloud-based services such as mail, calendar or document production provided by Google, Yahoo!, Microsoft, etc. are already common infrastructure.However, it is important to investigate both merit and demerit of introduction of the cloud computing.In this research, we focus our interest to the security of the cloud computing since it is the most concerned topic when end-user plans to introduce the cloud computing to its business.Cloud service provider should include security related terms in their Service Level Agreements (SLA).One of their guidelines is provided by METI in April, 2011.However, the guideline does not mention the difference of standpoint between vendor and end-user, or technical or economical rationality.We claim that vendor and end-user should file a "win-win" SLA to develop healthy cloud computing market.
From security point of view, there are items that can be covered by SLA and hardly can be.For example, data divulgation is hardly covered, since it is difficult to estimate the affection once it happens, while data corruption or lost can be covered since it is possible to estimate the amount of damage.However, to protect end-user, it is still preferable that the SLA mentions not only limited items to protect vendor for example cyber-attacks, but also all security related requirements in order to balance end-user's convenience, cost and risk of cloud service use.

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Singapore is a multi-racial, multi-cultural, and multi-lingual society founded by modernized and cosmopolitan leaders, including those people commonly known as Straits Chinese.The main characteristics of the Straits Chinese are hybridity and ambiguity of identity.In the context of Singapore’s pluralism, however, hybridity is denied at an official level.Therefore, the contribution of the Straits Chinese to the nation building of Singapore has not attracted much attention since its independence in 1965.However, in the present age of globalization, Singaporean people, as well as scholars, have taken a fresh look at the achievements of the Straits Chinese leaders such as Dr. Lim Boon Keng, a prominent reformer of Chinese society, who was born in colonial Singapore in the late nineteenth century.In this thesis, I examine the thought and activities of Dr. Lim Boon Keng in order to show that this reevaluation provides a new direction for Singapore’s pluralism.

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