In this essay the author will consider an aspect of the theory of language in Ernst Cassirer’s philosophy of symbols. In Chap.6, Part 2, Vol. 3 of his Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, he takes up the pathology of symbolic consciousness in discussing the Phenomenology of Knowledge. He examines Kurt Goldstein’s notion of “impairment of categorical attitude”. Goldstein is persuaded that an analysis of symptoms characteristic of amnesic aphasia will finally prove quite important to inquire into the way humans set themselves up against the world. Cassirer regards the same pathological cases as pathways by following which we can discover the process in which human mind acquires its ability to make the symbolic form of language and develops its cognitive powers. How Cassirer incorporates Goldstein’s observations into his own system of philosophy? This is what we are concerned with in this thesis.

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The purpose of this paper is to study the religious aspect of female characters in Shakespeare’s King Lear by comparing the play with its source materials.
Shakespeare created King Lear by rewriting the source materials, with two significant changes. One is creation of subplot around Gloucester and his family, and the other is the reversal of the historical fact of French victory in England-France battle.
As a result of these changes, on the one hand, Shakespeare focused on adultery between Goneril and Regan with Edmund in the Gloucester subplot. Here the problem of adultery by married women, and their death could be interpreted as representation of the moral and religious view of the time. On the other hand, describing the victory of England and the death of Cordelia, Shakespeare presented Cordelia’s death, not as the atonement for Lear’s sins, but as a trial given to Lear from God.

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In this paper we will consider the vital question of how the training of accountants ought to be. In the great changes of our society in recent years, accounts has spread to various fields of commercial activities much more quickly and extensively than people imagined.For people who teach accounting, and people who want to work as accountants, teaching methods and learning methods have become more and more important. Focusing on accounting education at universities, we will make clear what kind of problems we have now in the three groups of people in accounting education: general people in society, people who learn and people who teach. Then we will examine the results of investigations of accounting education in other organizations together with our own experiences as accounting instructors in order to show in what direction accounting education ought to be led.

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Recently Chinese government vessels, maritime law enforcement agencies’ boats and vessels enteredJapanese exclusive economic zone (EEZ).They entered not only the unsettled EEZ between China and Japan, but also Japanese EEZ and territorial waters.To be sure, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has allowed foreign government vessels to conduct marine scientific researches.However, Chinese government vessels often make marine scientific researches without notice, and enter Japanese EEZ with no information given in advance.Unfortunately, under the present system of international laws, Japan can’t regulate and stop these scientific researches so long as researches which Chinese government vessels make or facilities that they construct do not violate Japanese sovereignty or pollute marine environment.In this situation Japan should think of means and measures of making navigation regulations and giving permission of marine scientific researches to preserve marine environment, such as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), Protection of Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA).MPAs and PSSA are regulations admitted by International Maritime Organization.

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In his Heibiron or On Preparing for War, Miura Goro, one of Generals of Meiji, made a proposal concerning the strategy of national defense. His way of thinking about this matter placed him outside the mainstream of the army because it was quite different from that of the leading faction at the period of mid-Meiji. This group of people, such as Yamagata Aritomo, Katsura Taro, envisioned a strategy of national defense in which mobile power of divisions was to be kept in proper control. In contrast, Miura stressed the importance of a defense strategy which would make it possible to destroy invading enemy or enemies most efficiently at the point where they were to land the island country. This argument led to the idea of establishing “Gokyougun” (national defense army) which consisted of one million people. In this article the author considers Miura’s notion of this strategy and his reasons for thinking it necessary, finally making clear that a radical change in the concept of war was going on in his thought and arguments.

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George MacDonald (1824-1905), Scottish author, published his first three short fantasy works for children in 1864. The Shadows is one of them. The shadow represents a human soul. On his deathbed, Ralph, the main character, sees a vision, and he is chosen as the King of the fairyland by the Shadows, then he is carried, on the shoulders of Shadows, to the fairyland or the border of the afterworld. Ralph sees a group of mysterious Shadows there.
Although The Shadows consists of very complicated symbolical scenes, images, and words, my close analysis of the workings of Shadows and the visions of Ralph gives the following conclusion: The Shadows is a declaration of MacDonald's idea of salvation(Universalism), because all Shadows try to lead not only Ralph but also all people to salvation in the story.

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