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Article type: Cover
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
Cover1-
Published: December 31, 1996
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Article type: Index
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
Toc1-
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Article type: Index
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
Toc2-
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Masaki Kato
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
3-14
Published: December 31, 1996
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We assume that a round brilliant cut diamond receives natural light from whole sphere and each facets receive equal amount of orthogonal illumination. In our previous 12 papers, the optical paths were illusrated on a two-dimensional plane containing the optical axis and in rectangular on the main facet. In this paper, we accept whole direction of incident ray with different angles on the table. This effect of optical paths is illustrated on the three-dimensional space. Fig.9 indicates graphically the title effect. This idea will contribute to some computer graphics. We do not refer to the F-value of radiant ray, in this paper.
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Iwao Umeda, Koichi Iida
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
15-19
Published: December 31, 1996
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Cyclotron-treated green diamonds produced historically in foreign countries can be easily identified by shallow color confined to a layer near surface. Homogeneously colored green diamonds by irradiation of high energy electrons using a linear accelerator or fast neutrons using a reseach reactor, can also be identified by a spectrophotometer. These irradiated green diamonds can be changed the color to yellow, orange or light brown by subsequent annealing. A 2.378 carat colorless diamond had been irradiated by high energy electron beam and annealed subsequently. The treated yellow diamond has been irradiated by 18 MeV proton beam using a cyclotron to the culet through a φ3 mm metallic collimator. The diamond becomes bi-color:surrounding the culet is green, the table and the girdle are yellow. According to the experimental results, the green diamonds irradiated by 18 MeV proton beam, exhibit "umbrella mark" around the culet, whereas the green diamonds irradiated by high energy electron beam, do not show such features.
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Hiroshi Kitawaki
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
20-26
Published: December 31, 1996
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It is one of the very important subjects for gem-testing organizations to establish reliable methods of distinguishing natural from synthetic rubies. The discovery of new producing districts and the arrivals of new synthetic stones make it more difficult. In this article, it is intended to demonstrate how natural and synthetic rubics can be distinguished non destructively and quickly by means of spectroscopic observations on UV-VIS range, Ruby is basically a corundum tinted red with Cr, but it generally includes other elements as well as impurities. These impurities are different in sorts and contents depending on localitis or synthetic methods, which result in the differences of absorption spectrum seen in the UV-VIS range. Natural rubies from contact metamorphic rocks (e. g., Myanmar etc.) and synthetic one produced from the melt phase (Berneuil process or pulling process etc.) contain only a small amount of impurity elements, and show the absorption spectrum characteristic to Cr, wheras these from regional metamorphic rocks (e. g., Sri Lanca, etc.) or basalt (e. g. Thai, etc.) show the absorption spectrum strongly influenced by impurity elements other than Cr. Also, for the identification of natural and synthetic, it is usefull to use the Ruby-Diagram which is proposed in this paper and is a diagram to compare the permeability of blue window and UV.
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Masahiko Hayashi, Yuji Manaka, Hideo Takagi
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
27-32
Published: December 31, 1996
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Natural rock-crystals are different from synthetic rock-crystals in FT-IR spectra. FT-IR spectra for natural rock-crystal at 3595cm^<-1> and synthetic rock-crystal at 3585cm^<-1> have been observed. The cathodoluminescence (CL) images of natural rock-crystals commonly show the zoning patterns of growth lines, whereas sueh zoning patterns have not been observerd in the synthetic rock-crystals. Natural and synthetic rock-crystals can be identified by FT-IR spectra and CL images.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
32-
Published: December 31, 1996
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Eiko Ito
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
33-44
Published: December 31, 1996
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A commercial term "Circle Pearl" has been used to denote pearls showing circumferential ditches or depressions, which are often encountered particularly among cultured black pearls. It is important to understand how such defects are formed so as to reduce percentage of "circle pearls" in culturing pearls. The present paper reports optical and scanning electron microscopic observations on the internal structures of nacreous layers revealed by bisecting "circle pearls" of various forms, and flat pearls formed on flat shape nucleus, twin pearls formed on two nuclei. The following factors were investigated:sectional color distribution, stage of initiation of circles, deviation of circles from symmetry, the degree of continuation of aragonite layers, thickness and number of aragonite layers at depressed and elevated portions, comparison of nacreous structure between twin and flat pearls, comparison among circle, twin and flat pearls. Based on these observations, two possible mechanisms on the origin of circle pearls have been proposed;one assumes wrinkles formed on pearl sac due to illness of mother pearls or external stress, and the other assumes rotation of nucleus in the pearl sac.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
44-
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
45-
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
45-46
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
47-
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
47-48
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
48-50
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
50-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
51-55
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
55-
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Article type: Bibliography
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
56-70
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
71-72
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
72-73
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
73-74
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
75-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
75-
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
75-76
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
76-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
76-77
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
77-78
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
78-
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
78-79
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
79-
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
79-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
79-80
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
80-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
80-81
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
81-
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Andrey I. Rezanov, Kazuya Chihara
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
82-83
Published: December 31, 1996
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Andrey I. Rezanov, Kazuya Chihara
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
83-84
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
85-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
85-
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
85-
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
85-86
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
86-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
86-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
86-87
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
87-
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Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
88-89
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
90-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
90-
Published: December 31, 1996
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 21 Issue 1-4 Pages
90-91
Published: December 31, 1996
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