Objective: One of the methods for reducing glycative stress is to suppress postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). The purpose of this study is to establish a non-invasive and easy-to-implement means for suppressing PPHG. Based on the results of the past intake tests of various foods, a model formula for predicting the degree of PPHG from food contents was created. Methods: A model formula was created to predict the indices for PPHG, i.e. iAUC (incremental area under the curve), ΔCmax (maximum blood glucose concentration), based on iAUC (mg/dL·min) or ΔCmax when ingested a standard food (i.e., cocked rice, udon, and bread) and the nutritional component of the test food. The past results of the model food intake test in our laboratory were used to create the predictive model formula. We applied 18 kinds of food to the formula and verified the degree of coincidence with the actual postprandial glucose change. Then, the mean absolute relative difference (MARD) between the predicted value and the measured value was calculated for each food (n = 18) and for each subject (n =159) in the 18 tests. In a subclass analysis, subjects were divided into three groups: top 25% (n = 42, iAUC; 7,379.9 ± 146.5), middle (n = 75, iAUC; 5,302.7 ± 73.5), and bottom 25% (n = 42, iAUC; 3,243.9 ± 61.5), based on iAUC at standard food intake. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between predicted and measured values, and Turkey's HSD test was used to analyze MARD. Results: In the simulation of the food intake test (18 types), a highly positive correlation of r = 0.7 was observed between the predicted and measured value, and the average MARD was less than 15%. A subclass analysis showed the MARD in the top 25% group were lower than those in the bottom 25% group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A high correlation was found between the predicted value from the model formula and the measured value. Among them, the accuracy of prediction tended to be higher as the data of the subjects whose blood glucose was more likely to rise.

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Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the outcome of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for morbid obesity. Method: We examined the treatment results of patients who underwent SLG at our hospital. The items to be examined included postoperative weight changes and obesity-related complications (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia). Results: The subjects were 33 morbidly obese patients (8 males and 25 females) who underwent LSG from August 2014 to February 2020. The mean age at the first visit was 44.0 ± 3.5 years (20-65 years), the mean weight was 107.9 ± 7.6 kg (85-142 kg), and the mean BMI was 41.5 ± 3.3 kg/m² (35.3-52.6 kg/m²). No postoperative complications were observed in all cases. The weight reduction effect in the first year after surgery was 34.8 ± 10.2 kg (11.2-53.3 kg), the mean BMI reduction was 13.9 ± 3.7 kg/m ² (4.5-20.0 kg/m ²), and the mean percentage of excess weight loss was 84.8 ± 20.7% (38.9-143.0%). Metabolic disease remission rates were 93.3% in type 2 diabetes, 65.2% in hypertension, and 60.0% in dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The results of LSG were as good as those of other institutions in terms of weight reduction and improvement of obesity-related diseases.

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Ultraviolet rays, smoking, and drugs are considered to be risk factors for presbyopia and age-related cataracts. These cause oxidative stress and glycative stress, therebyinducing disulfide bond (S-S bond) formation, followed by aggregation / denaturation and hardening of the nucleus of the lens protein, resulting in the formation of presbyopia and cataracts. Therefore, antioxidant treatment and anti-glycation treatment can be expected to have a preventive / suppressive effect on cataracts and presbyopia. We have succeeded in delaying the progression of cataracts in the genetic cataract model, Shumiya Cataract Rat (SCR), by oral administration of an antioxidant lutein (LU) and anti-glycation water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) extract (TBE), where it was shown to increase the expression of the endogenous antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) and catalase in lens epithelial cells. Therefore, it can be effective in preventing cataracts to reduce not only the crystalline lens but also the whole body of oxidative and glycative stress and increase the endogenous antioxidant protein by ingesting antioxidants and anti-glycation supplements.

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Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of anti-glycation activity of kuromoji (Lindera umbellate Thunb.) extract (KE) on diabetic nephropathy. Methods: Using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ rats) and spontaneously diabetic mice (db/db mice), glycative stress-related indicators and biochemical changes were investigated during continuous administration of KE, and the effects of KE on inflammatory response in renal tissue was compared between two animal models. Then, mouse macrophage cells (RAW264.7 cells) were used to investigate the effects of glycated substances on the inflammatory response. Results: KE suppressed the amount of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in the renal tissue of STZ rats and db/db mice. In STZ rats, KE suppressed the increase in renal weight and the amount of autoantibodies against N^ε-(Carboxymethyl)lysine (CML). In db/db mice, the elevation of serum total cholesterol was suppressed. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with CML-HSA (human serum albumin) increased TNF-α production, while CML alone did not. Conclusion: KE is thought to suppress the development of inflammatory response in renal tissue by reducing glycative stress during diabetic conditions.

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