Glycative Stress Research
Online ISSN : 2188-3610
Print ISSN : 2188-3602
ISSN-L : 2188-3610
Volume 9, Issue 4
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
  • Masayuki Yagi, Chieko Sakiyama, Toshio Kitaba, Hiroo Kondo, A. N. M. M ...
    2022 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 186-193
    Published: December 31, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2022
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Glycative stress is one of the factors that cause aging and accelerates development of various diseases, including diabetes. Inhibition of glycative stress is referred to as anti-glycation. Anti-glycation includes suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia, suppression of glycative reaction, and decomposition and excretion of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Inhibitory effects of AGE formation are recognized in various food materials such as herb teas, vegetables and fruits. It is reported that these food materials include many phenolic compounds that inhibit the formation of AGEs. Ferulic acid (FA) is a kind of phenolic compounds included in grains such as rice, wheat, fruits, vegetables, and other food materials. Bran (grain), in particular, includes a lot. FA is well known to be effective in inhibiting development of complications of diabetes or other neurotic diseases because of its anti-glycative / anti-inflammatory action. In our body, many kinds of AGEs are produced through many paths due to glycative stress, while there are many kinds of proteins that are glycated. On the other hand, reducing the function of proteins due to glycation is associated with the cross-linking formation induced by proteins changing into AGEs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-diastatic effect of FA refined from rice bran. In this study, inhibitory effects of protein glycation reaction models such as human serum albumins (HSA), collagen and elastin, protein cross-linking formation by AGEs, and activity enhancement for oxidized protein hydrolase (OPH) were validated. As a result, it was clarified that FA inhibits the formation of fluorescent AGEs (F-AGEs) in all glycation reaction models. FA inhibited the formation of F-AGEs, pentosidine, CML, 3DG, GO, and MGO in the glycation reaction models of HSA-gulcose. In addition, FA also inhibited the formation of dimmer and trimer caused by the glycation of lysozyme. FA increased the OPH activation by a factor of 1.6. There is a possibility that anti-diastatication is associated with FA's usefulness for a variety of diseases.
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  • Manami Kuze, Masahiko Ayaki
    2022 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 194-198
    Published: December 31, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2022
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the frequency of ocular symptoms and laboratory values in glaucoma patients undergoing ophthalmic topical medication. Methods: A multivariate analysis was conducted to examine the association between major ocular symptoms (eye strain, blurred vision, photophobia, dryness, discomfort, and pain) and laboratory findings related to glaucoma and dry eye in 1,000 patients (mean age 67.5 years, 493 males) undergoing antiglaucoma eyedrops. The frequency of ocular symptoms during the same period and for the same age group was also obtained. Results: 37.3% of the glaucoma group had any of the major ocular symptoms, and the percentages of patients with ocular symptoms were eye strain in 22.9%, blurred vision in 23.0%, photophobia in 13.1%, dryness in 17.9%, discomfort in 14.8%, and pain in 6.3%. These frequencies were less frequent than in all 1,804 patients aged 60-69 years (mean 64.9 years) seen in the same period. Test values were associated with symptoms: mean deviation (MD) values for visual field were associated with eye strain (β = 0.073, p = 0.034), photophobia (β = -0.0720, p = 0.036), and pain (β = -0.074, p = 0.033) and macular ganglion cell layer thickness was weakly associated with pain (β = -0.0872, p = 0.0342). Conclusion: The subjective symptoms of glaucoma patients are weakly and infrequently associated with test values, suggesting that topical medication is safely administered. Concurrently, adherence to periodic examinations and topical medication is a concern, so it is important to explain the condition and treatment carefully to increase adherence, even if subjective symptoms are poor.
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  • Tatsuro Egawa, Takeshi Ogawa, Takumi Yokokawa, Kohei Kido, Mami Fujiba ...
    2022 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 199-205
    Published: December 31, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2022
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Skeletal muscle, the largest tissue in the body, is often overlooked for its role as a locomotor organ, however over the past few decades it has been revealed that it also has an important role as a metabolic organ. In recent years, its role as an endocrine organ that controls the homeostatic functions of organs throughout the body mediated by myokine secretion has come under close scrutiny. Skeletal muscle is indispensable for our daily life activities, and in order to maintain its function, it is necessary to understand the factors that deteriorate muscle function and establish a countermeasure. Glycative stress has recently received attention as a factor that impairs skeletal muscle function. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in skeletal muscle impairs contractile function and myogenic potential. Furthermore, AGEs in the blood elicit inflammatory signals through binding to RAGE (Receptor for AGEs) expressed on muscle cells, resulting in muscle proteolysis. Habitual exercise is important to mitigate the negative effects of such glycative stress on skeletal muscle. On the other hand, it is known that the beneficial effects of exercise vary among individuals. The state in which the effects of exercise are difficult to obtain is called "exercise-resistance," and we hypothesize that glycative stress may be one of the causes of exercise-resistance. In this paper, we will discuss the possibility of glycative stress as an inducer of exercise resistance and summarize its impacts on skeletal muscle.
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  • Tian Zheng, Masayuki Yagi, Mari Ogura, Takeshi Terasaka, Shoji Kuwabar ...
    2022 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 206-220
    Published: December 31, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2022
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Purpose: Diet and exercise are important therapies for the treatment of glycative stress-related diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome), which have been on the increase in recent years. In the present study, we investigated the effects of muscle loading exercise using an ultrasoft rubber band on glycative stress/advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation and endocrine indices in healthy subjects. Methods: Subjects were healthy men and women (2 males and 20 females, 44.9 ± 10.1 years) who performed the prescribed exercises using an ultrasoft rubber band for 6 minutes (6M group: n = 15) or 10 minutes (10M group: n = 7) once a day for 8 weeks. The primary endpoints were blood tests related to glucose metabolism (pentosidine, immune reactive insulin: IRI, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose: FPG, skin AGE fluorescence: SAF), and endocrine-related blood tests (insulin-like growth factor-I: IGF-I, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate: DHEA-s, estradiol: E2, testosterone). Results: The percent change at 8 weeks (Total group) was significant in the primary endpoints pentosidine (−10.9%, p ‹ 0.001), IRI (−33.6%, p = 0.005), HbA1c (−2.6%, p = 0.002), DHEA -s (+16.1%, p = 0.010), and in the secondary endpoint TG (−38.3%, p = 0.039). FPG (−7.4%, p = 0.001) was significantly reduced in the 10M group, and SAF (−5.3%, p = 0.021) in the 6M group. Pre-intervention values for all items were within normal limits, and there were no significant differences in these items between men and women or in exercise duration; there were no significant changes in IGF-I, cortisol, E2, or total testosterone. No adverse events were noted in the safety endpoints and self-assessment findings. Conclusion: Exercise with this test product improved glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, AGEs (pentosidine and SAF), and DHEA-s, which is an important hormone for maintaining youth and health. Notedly, these parameters improved from the normal range. The results suggest that this treatment, which can be performed in a short period of time, is a safe and highly effective health promotion method.
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  • Akihiko Shimode, Bunichiro Ashibe, Shigeru Matsumi, Masayuki Yagi, Yos ...
    2022 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 221-227
    Published: December 31, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2022
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Kuromoji (Lindera umbellata Thunb.) is a deciduous shrub of the camphoraceae family endemic to Japan. It has long been used as an ingredient for tea and essential oil, and its dried trunk branches have been used as an ingredient for medicinal drinks as "Usho," a crude drug with stomachic actions. This paper describes the antiglycative and antiviral activities of a non-volatile extract of kuromoji extract (KE), which we have recently revealed. In absorption and metabolism studies, KE was found to have inhibitory activity against the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGEs accumulate between collagen fibers in the bone matrix, thus reducing bone strength, and studies using bone glycation samples suggest that KE may ameliorate the reduction in bone strength caused by glycation. Furthermore, an 8-week oral administration of KE to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed that it suppressed renal inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. The antiviral action of KE was confirmed by plaque assay to act against influenza viruses even after infection and to inhibit viral growth. The TCID50 assay showed that KE has antiviral activity against adenovirus and enterovirus, which are viruses that cause colds, as well as new strains of influenza virus and their drug-resistant strains, confirming that the antiviral activity of KE has a wide spectrum of action. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparative study on the effects of taking KE-containing candies showed a reduction in the incidence of influenza and in the symptomatic period of cold symptoms. KE is expected to develop as a functional food material unique to Japan in the future because of its various functionalities as described above due to its antiglycative and antiviral effects.
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