波紋

「J-PARCへの夢 -J-PARCが拓くサイエンス・テクノロジー-」その特集にあたつて

波紋編集委員会

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 2
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.2

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (823K)
J-PARCの中性子実験装置

新井正敏

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 3-9
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.3

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

J-PARC (大強度陽子加速器計画)・物質生命科学実験施設 (以下, JSNSと称する) は陽子加速電力1MWの大強度パルス中性子源である. これは国内に現存する同種の施設, KENS, の300倍以上の中性子強度を持つ施設であり, より強力なSNSにも劣らない世界最高性能のパルス中性子源となる. 本小文では, 同施設で建設が期待される実験装置とそれによりなされる科学研究について概観する.(Web site http://j-parc.jp/)

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (4169K)
強相関電子系で面白い中性子実験が出来るか

山田和芳

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 10-12
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.10

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

In strongly correlated electron (SCE) systems many competing phases appear in a narrow concentration range due to the competing interactions with similar energy scale. Neutron scattering experiments in J-PARC should distinguish whether the observed two phases coexist homogeneously in space or phase-separated heterogeneously. Structural determination for samples with extremely small volume fraction such as room temperature superconductor is also important for the second generation of neutron scattering. Furthermore, nonequilibrium phenomena will be one of the challenging fields in SCE system.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (2111K)
J-PARCに期待する事

古川はづき

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 13-14
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.13

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

When the most intensive neutron beam becomes available at the J-PARC, what kind of new experiments can be done. It is fun to ponder them. In this article, I will describe my visions in near future.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (682K)
本質的不均一構造をもつ誘電体のダイナミクス

上江洲由晃

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 15-16
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.15

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Recent works have disclosed that intrinsic inhomogeneity of materials generates huge responses to weak outer field. A typical example is relaxor dielectrics, where the growth and fluctuation of polar nano-regions plays an important role in the soft dielectric properties. We expect the J-PARC to provide us direct evidences of the behavior of these intrinsic inhomogeneous structure of mesoscopic scale.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1319K)
J-PARC中性子粉末回折装置が拓く材料科学工学のフロンティア

八島正知

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 17-21
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.17

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

New frontiers by the new neutron powder diffractometers in the JSNS/J-PARC facility have beendiscussed on the basis of the research works by the author and coworkers. The versatile new powder diffractometer SuperSirius should contribute to all the scientists and engineers in materials science and engineering with the help of supporting staffs. A very high-resolution neutron powder diffractometer can open new frontiers of materials science and engineering, because very small split of peaks with similar positions can be detectable, leading to considerable improvement of the accuracy of crystal parameters and phase transition temperature. Developments of the MEM analysis for the TOF neutron powder diffraction data are required. Short wavelength angle-dispersive type diffractometer is also necessary.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1894K)
材料の創製と構造観察

福永俊晴

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 22-24
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.22

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Neutron scattering techniques have been recognized to get structural information of materials. In this writing I show briefly that structural information can play an important role to get seeds for invention of new materials through recent works of the hydrogen absorbing nano-graphite. Especially, pulsed sources and the consequent time-of-flight diffraction and spectroscopy techniques provide special features advantageous for investigating nano-and complex materials. Therefore, material scientists can anticipate that J-PARC will give them the various kinds of structural properties of complex materials for planning new materials for human life.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1411K)
付加価値の高い物質・材料開発研究に向けて何ができるか

神山崇

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 25-27
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.25

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Neutrons have been less utilized for most of materials development because of hard access, slow to start actual experiments, large amount of sample, limited opportunity, secrecy obligation, etc. It is also because materials scientists and industrial scientists have limited knowledge on neutron. This situation would be altered when we establish a system of structural evaluation with easy access, quick start, secret-guarantee system, accepting several tens of thousand experiments in a year, routine tutorial system, etc. Impact on materials development would be expected. Industrial usages of pulsed neutron are emphasized, and the strategy for promoting them is presented.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1171K)
過冷却水とガラス状態水のダイナミクス

山室修

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 28-31
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.28

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Quasielastic neutron scattering of normal and supercooled water was measured in the temperature range 253-330K to investigate the possible anomaly expected to occur around 230K. Anomalous temperature dependence of self-diffusion coefficient, which may suggest a critical slowing-down, was found for the first time. Vapor-deposited glassy water (amorphous ice) and those doped with methanol (hydrogen-bond breaking impurity) and Xe and SF₆ (both hydrogen-bond forming impurities) were prepared in a novel cryostat designed for this experiment. The in-situ neutron scattering of these samples was measured on a total scattering, smallangle scattering, and inelastic scattering spectrometers. A strong correlation among the ordering of hydrogenbond system, volume expansion, homogenization in a nano-scale range, and decrease of the excess lowenergy excitation was found in the experiments for the annealing and impurity effects. The future study on supercooled and glassy water was discussed along with high-intensity spectrometers at J-PARC.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1201K)
中性子で地球内部をのぞく超高圧下での中性子回折

鍵裕之, 永井隆哉

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 32-34
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.32

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Water is a key material for the dynamics of the earth such as volcanic eruption and earthquakes. In particular, significant change in the mineral properties induced by the addition of water (hydrogen) is an intriguing research area closely related to behavior of hydrogen bonding at high pressure. Our recent progress on this field and future perspective are reviewed.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1412K)
分子スピンシステムと中性子散乱

武田定

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 35-38
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.35

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Excellent results of neutron scattering techniques in a field of molecular magnetism were briefly reviewed. Polarized neutron diffraction gave detailed information of electron spin density distributions in the crystals of organic magnets. This information is crucial for clarifying the mechanism of organic magnet. Magnetic scattering of neutron directly revealed the parameter of magnetic anisotropy of magnetic cluster molecules, which is an origin of single-molecule magnet. Some proposals of neutron scattering experiment on spin fluctuation system in connection with a research project of “Application of Molecular Spins” and hope for J-PARC were mentioned.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (913K)
蛋白質の立体構造ダイナミクスと中性子散乱

城地保昌, 郷信広

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 39-40
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.39

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Proteins are molecular machines with structures that have evolved to perform various biological functions. Like all machines the link between structure and function is through dynamics. To properly understand function it is therefore necessary to understand the nature of protein dynamics. Inelastic neutron scattering is a spectroscopic technique which can be used to study protein dynamics on the timescale from 10^-12 to 10^-9 seconds, where functionrelevant protein motions take place. We hope that neutron scattering experiments to be performed by using high-intensity neutron source at J-PARC provide us valuable information on the protein dynamics.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (781K)
中性子構造生物学

ポスト・タンパク質3000計画

新村信雄

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 41-43
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.41

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The three dimensional structure determinations of biological macromolecules such as proteins and DNA have clearly suggested that hydrogen atoms and water molecules around proteins and DNA play a very important role in many physiological functions. It has been proved that neutron protein crystallography can identify the hydrogen atoms and water molecules absolutely. And it is expected that neutron protein crystallography contributes to pharmaceutics, understanding of recognition mechanism of protein and DNA molecules and protein folding mechanism.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1736K)
中性子ラジオグラフィ・放射化分析の農業関連研究への応用

中西友子

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 44-45
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.44

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Application of neutron beam technique, neutron radiography and instrumental neutron activation analysis, in agriculture field is presented. In the case of neutron radiography (NRG), non-destructive analyzing method of root development has an advantage for the development of the late releasing fertilizer, because NRG visualizes the root imbedded in soil during its growth. When the resolution of the image is developed to be as high as to analyze water movement within a seed, NRG might be an important tool in seed or food treatment. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has a great advantage, for it enables to measure the absolute amount of trace elements, non-destructively. With its high sensitivity to determine the heavy elements, INAA is expected for its wide application to analyze environmental samples.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1399K)
中性子の産業利用

大城戸忍, 林眞琴

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 46-47
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.46

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Neutron scattering has been established as one of the most important methods for the analysis of materials, and has been applied to the engineering fields since it has many advantages compared with X-ray. However, it is necessary to reduce the measuring time on some condition in order to spread its applications to the wider engineering fields. Pulse neutron, which is produced by J-PARC, dose not only solve this problem, but also provides the unique micromechanical data of the deeper region for many engineering materials and deformed components on real conditions.J-PARC is expected to contribute to spread the applications of the neutron scattering technique.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (803K)
磁気材料・磁気デバイス開発における中性子利用

武田全康

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 48-49
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.48

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Neutrons are sensitive to not only ferromagnetic but also antiferromagnetic structures. Therefore they have a potential power to increase speed of development in magnetic materials and devices. Because of limited intensity of present neutron sources in Japan, neutrons are underutilized for the purpose. JPARC will contribute to such development with highintensity neutron source.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (551K)
ソフトマター研究におけるブレークスルー

金谷利治

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 50-51
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.50

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

We have considered which researches in softmatter field will be done in the neutron scattering facility in J-PARC and proposed some possible subjects which will give a breakthrough in softmatter science.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (862K)
J-PARCが拓く新しいソフトマター物理

今井正幸

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 52-53
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.52

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The soft matter forms a variety of meso-structures as a result of balance between entropic and energetic interactions. One of targets of the soft matter physics is to reveal the physics underlying the structure formation of the soft matter. Recently we found that a trace amount of guest particle modifies such balance and induces a phase transition. The microbalance of the soft matter may play an important role in the biological or material sciences. New neutron scattering instruments of the J-PARC are powerful tools to reveal the micro soft matter physics.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (893K)
機能性有機高分子薄膜の表面・界面構造の中性子反射率測定に基づく解析

高原淳

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 54-55
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.54

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Novel applications of neutron reflectivity to the analyses of surface and interface structure of functional organic and polymer thin films utilizing JPARC pulse neutron source were proposed. Typical applications introduced in this note are interfaces of total organic field effect transistors (OFET) and biomaterials/water interfaces.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (881K)
21世紀の物理学

八尾誠

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 56-57
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.56

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

There have been hierarchies that separate the conventional physics into several fields extending from microscopic to macroscopic. In the 21st century, however, such physics that crosses over the hierarchies is required. From this point of view, studies of liquids including soft condensed matter are particularly important, because they contain inherent hierarchies, and neutron scattering experiments should play a major role in these fields. The neutron spin echo spectrometers which are planned to be installed in the J-PARC are briefly explained with the help of jokes. Finally, it is stressed that the liquid states physics does not truly deserve hierarchy-crossing physics, unless it properly take quantum degrees of freedom into account.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (473K)
中性子を使って溶液の構造を探る

亀田恭男

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 58-60
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.58

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Neutron diffraction technique plays an important role in investigation of the solution structure. The isotopic substitution method is widely used as one of the most powerful tools that provide information on the partial structure functions of the solution system with highly complexity.High-performance total scattering spectrometers installed at J-PARC will make it possible to extend the research field to the next stage, involving more dilute solution systems with biological importance, possibly, living organs etc. It may also be important for the further progress of the neutron science community in Japan that the community admits many active researchers who are not familiar to the neutron scattering.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (868K)
無秩序の中の秩序の解明

大友季哉

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 61-62
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.61

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Studies of glass materials are motivated by revealing orders in disorder systems and observations of atomic structure in wide time-space region is essential. Such observation will reveal hierarchal structure, including nano-scale structure, and leads to find out the mechanism of glass transition behavior. At J-PARC, one ideal instrument will realize such observation but it is not so easy to realize the instrument. However, free and accurate combinations of several instruments will be powerful to approach the problems in disordered material.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (765K)
中性子光学の応用

清水裕彦

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 63-67
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.63

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The advance in neutron optics has a potential to increase the utilization efficiency of neutron beam, which provides an alternative solution to overcome the low intensity of neutron beam compared with photon beam. In this paper, we suggest general possibilities of the application of neutron optics in precision measurements. We also overview the recent development of reflective optics and refractive optics together with the challenge to apply them to the focusing-geometry small angle neutron scattering. The spot image with the high contrast enables to extend the minimum value of the accessible region of the momentum transfer by one order of magnitude compared with the conventional pinhole-geometry small angle neutron scattering with the same flight path length.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1565K)
中性子スピンメーザー: 電気双極子能率の高感度探索への可能性

旭耕一郎

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 68-70
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.68

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Neutron has its lifetime of about 15 min. and hence the observation of its spin precession cannot be continued usually beyond this time range. Recently we have succeeded in operating a spin maser of novel masing mechanism, which allows a self-sustained precession of spins at radically low spin densities. Taking advantage of rapidly progressing techniques of producing and accumulating ultracold neutrons, the incorporation of this new technique to the search for an electric dipole moment (EDM) of neutron might allow experimenters to enter a highly interested regime of EDM values.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (954K)
中性子が拓く宇宙核物理研究

永井泰樹

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 71-73
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.71

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

In the universe we see many fascinating physical phenomena and interesting but unidentified matters such as supernova explosion, black hole, dark matter and so on. They simply stimulate our imagination about the universe with dreams. Since the universe is so attractive, it may be quite natural to ask our self how the universe has evolved after the Big Bang. The Cosmo Nuclear Physics is the research field dedicated -to trace the history of the universe by referring the nuclear phenomena observed in the universe. Many scientists in this field are actively working by paying their special attention on nuclear species observed in the universe. Since the species carry crucial information on many physical events occurred in 15 billion years after the Big Bang, they may be regarded as relics. Here, it is worthwhile to mention that there are many cases, where the unique property of a nucleus plays crucial role to trace the history. In this article I will discuss several subjects related the Cosmo Nuclear Physics probed using intense pulsed spallation neutrons at J-PARC.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (869K)
時空の反転対称とパルス中性子精密実験

増田康博

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 74-77
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.74

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Symmetry violation experiments with pulsed neutrons are discussed. A T-violation experiment on a neutron phase shift after passing through a polarized nuclear target is proposed. A new application of the experimental method of the symmetry violation experiments to other fields is also proposed.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (748K)
特集アンケート報告

波紋編集委員会

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 78-83
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.78

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (1995K)
スーパーミラーを用いた熱中性子集光デバイスの開発

長壁豊隆, 曽山和彦, 鈴木浩二, 三代達也

2004 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 84-87
発行日: 2004/01/31
公開日: 2011/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5611/hamon.14.84

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The neutron-focusing is an indispensable technical element in the experments under extreme condition with tiny samples.In this article, the development of the thermal neutron focusing device is reported. The device has 18 pieces of the 3Qc NiC/Ti neutron supermirrors with the shape of a circle. The extension of the end of each mirror meets at a focal point (sample position). Neutrons are repeatedly reflected with the same angle by the inner side of the circle and arrive at the sample position.The test results show thatthe integrated intensity increases by a factor of 2 or more for the neutron wavelength of 2.36 Å.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1576K)

J-STAGEへの登録はこちら（無料）