The author has dealt with ethis experimental study from the point of view of a foreign body reaction occurring on the host side (guinea-pig) due to insertion of a heterogeneous morbid tissue (human lepromatous nodule). Biological tissue reactions arising then are histologically investigated as fully as possible.
The results of the experiment are as follows:
1. In the beginning non-specific inflammation takes place around the human lepromatous nodule inoculated into the subcutaneous tissue of guinea-pig. Afterwards, a specific granu-lation tissue appears, which is composed from round cell infiltration with leprosy bacilli, including some epithelioid cells.
2. In the neighboring lymph nodes there appears the proliferation of reticulum cells with leprosy bacilli.
3. It is remarked that a difference is recognized between young and adult animals as regards the degree of the initial exudative tissue reaction around the inserted nodule namely higher in the former than in the latter.
4. Regarding necrosis of the inoculated nodule due to the exudative tissue reaction, the change is more severe in adult animals, resulting mostly in abscess formation.
5. Some morphological differences are found between young and adult animals, regarding the specific granulation tissue arising around the inserted nodule: more myxomatous in the former, more solid in the latter.
6. Formation of giant cell begins on the 6th day of the inoculation experiment. Initi-ally, foreign body type is more predominant, then Langhans type and lastly giant cells with very large nuclei are encountered.

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Blocking the cells of reticuloendothelial system with colloidal suspension of carbon black was carried, for the purpose of analysing the mechanism on infection of murine leprosy according to development of murine leprosy when the symbioses between bacilli and murine leprosy cells were alternated.
One hundred and four mice used in this experiment were divided into eight groups. The course of blocking was observed for five months before and after inoculation of murine leprosy bacilli.
The results were following:
1. A marked inhibition of development of murine leprosy was showed both in the group injected with carbon black before the inoculation and the group blocked before and after the inoculation.
2. A marked inhibition was showed in a group in which the blocking was carried before the 15th day after the inoculation.
3. A slight inhibition was observed in the group in which the blocking was carried after the 20th day of the inoculation.
4. A marked acceleration was observed in mice group injected with a mixture of carbon black and bacilli.

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The influence of the percutaneous blocking of the reticuloendothelial system with carbon black was investigated in rats which were inoculated subcutaneously with murine leprosy bacilli. Thirty five rats were divided into five groups. Percutaneous blocking with carbon black of subcutaneous leproma was attempted from various points of view. The results were following.
1. Development of leproma was noticed in rats group which, prior to inoculation of bacilli, were injected with carbon black: the leproma of each organ was remarkable, and the formation of fresh leproma seemed easy in weakly blocked regions or the subcutaneous connective tissue free of blocking.
2. The long-time percutaneous blocking with carbon black caused a marked degeneration of the murine leprosy bacilli in the subcutaneous leproma, and the inhibition of the development of fresh leproma and of the dissemination of bacilli into whole organs.
3. As for the development of subcutaneous leproma, the group of rats injected with a mixture of bacilli and carbon black was not different from control group, but in this group the dissemination of bacilli into whole organs was remarkably accentuated.

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In the previous first and second reports, it was described that inoculation of the mixture of carbon black and bacilli has accentuated the development of murine leprosy in whole organs.
In this paper, firstly, an intravenous injection with carbon black was carried in the intraperitoneally inoculated murine leprosy. The dissemination of bacilli into whole organs of animals was not different from control group at all.
In the second experiment, the frequently repeated intraperitoneal injections with carbon black were carried in the subcutaneously inoculated murine leprosy for pursuading a relation between murine leprosy bacilli and function of the reticuloendothelial system. As the results, the marked development of leproma was noticed early in the group. But the dissemination of bacilli into whole organs of murine leprosy was inhibited as compared with control group.

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One hundred and twenty-six rats were used in this experiment. The author employed the anti-monocyte serum obtained from rabbits which were sensitized by intraperitoneal monocyte of rats.
The host cells of murine leprosy bacilli were injuried by reversed-allergic reaction caused by this serum. In intraperitoneally inoculated murine leprosy, multiplication of murine leprosy bacilli in the intraperitoneal monocyte of the group was inhibited markedly as compared with control group and the bacilli left early the cells.
In autopsy cases after 40 days of each group, development of leproma was inhibited markedly in the group. After five months the autopsy showed the inhibition of the dissemination of bacilli. Exceptionally, in a group which injected with liquid paraffin before the injection of serum, multiplication of murine leprosy bacilli was inhibited as compared with untreated group.

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It was reported in the previous paper that the peritoneal cells of the guinea pigs sensitized either with tubercle bacilli or BCG possess the factor which reacts in common against Leprolin and Tuberculin.
This factor can also be recognized on the peritoneal cells of the rabbit sensitized with BCG. Introduction of the sensitized rabbit peritoneal cells into a normal cells guinea pig, however, did not result in the passive transfer of the reactivity against the above mentioned two antigens.
As for the in vitro reaction between peritoneal cells of BCG-sensitized guinea pig and Leprolin or Tuberculin, it was difficult to recognize distinctly the development of specific reaction or absorption by the sensitized cells against Leprolin or Tuberculin.
It was confirmed, however, that the peritoneal cells of the guinea pig, both sensitized and non-sensitized, combine Leprolin antigen in vitro. This combination was observed only with the peritoneal cells of the guinea pig and the cells previously heated at 48°C for 15 minutes failed to show this combination.
The Leprolin antigen combined to the cells appeared to be easily freed by the heating at 48°C for 15 minutes. In addition, when peritoneal cells of BCG-sensitized guinea pig combound Leprolin antigen, the common reaction factor of the sensitized cells was in-activated and failed to transfer the passive reactivity against not only Leprolin but also Tuberculin. While, Tuberculin antigen was confirmed to show no appreciable influence on the above mentioned factor of the sensitized cells.
The fact stated above is considered to be an important finding to explain the difficulty of the specific sensitization of the guinea pig with human leprosy bacilli.

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An epidemiological investigation was carried out on new cases of leprosy between 1906 and 1957 in Aichi Prefecture, mainly in the following leprosaria: Nagashima Aisei-en, Kuryu Rakusen-en, and the Suruga Leprosarium. The findings are as follows.
1. During the 50 years from 1906 to 1957, 1, 546 new cases were found and the incidence rates were between 0.1 and 1.6 per 10, 000 population. The average number of new cases in one year is therefore 29, 7.
2. The prevalence rate was 24.7 per 10, 000 population at the highest, and 5.3 at the lowest. The number of leprosy patients have come to decrease recently.
3. New cases were most frequently observed between the ages of 15 and 19, or 19.7% in rate, and 63.1% of the total cases had begun between the ages of 10 and 29.
4. The disease type L was observed in 59.6%, the type M in 17.0%, and the type N in 23.4%. The type ratio (L/M+N) was 1.47 and has been remarkably improved in the term of Showa (1926-57) in comparison with that in the terms of Meiji (1906-11) and Taisho (1911-1926).
5. The sex ratio was 259.5 during the above mentioned years, and 460.0 in the term of Taisho at the highest, but recently it decreased to 162.2.
6. 42.6% of the total cases had one or more other patients in their own families.
7. In 35.5% of the total cases the symptoms began in Spring; this rate is a little higher than that in other seasons.
8. 75.6% of the total patients or 1, 170 in number, was admitted in leprosaria. In the term of Meiji or Taisho the rate of the patients admitted in leprosaria was lower, but gradual-ly the length of their home residences were shortened. In recent years the patients are admitted in leprosaria immediately after the onset of the disease.
9. In younger patients the period of their home residences were relatively longer, but a comparatively high rate of them were admitted in leprosaria, while the older whose home residences were stabilized, were admitted in leprosaria in lower rate.
10. 7.1% of the total cases were diagnosed to be recovered generally, 45.7% were dead, 24.3% were returned to their own homes. The patients treated in their homes were 1.41 per 10, 000 population at the highest, and 0.41% at the lowest which was recorded recently.

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1, 546 leprosy patients observed between 1906 and 1957 were investigated by local distribution. The results are as follows.
1. In the term of Meiji (1906-11), leprosy patients in urban districts were found in 35% of total patients; in the term of Showa (1926-57) this rate is gradually increased until 45-55%.
2. The incidence rate was 7.4 per 10, 000 population at the highest and 0.2 at the lowest. Evidently different rates were seen by locality.
3. The prevalence rate during the last 10 years were distributed between 5.6 and 6.8 per 10, 000 population.
4. The type ratio (L/M+N) was observed higher in the mountain districts as 2.25 and in the plain districts where were found more leprosy patients the ratio was 1.89.
5. The sex ratios (m/f) in urban were between 2.5 and 2.3, and in rural was 2.7, that is, there were more male patients in rural.
6. Obvious difference by locality in age of the onset of the disease was observed: no onset in old ages was observed in Toyohashi, and Kita-shidara districts, while considerable cases began in old ages were observed in Higashi-kamo, Inazawa, and Nishio districts.
7. The admission rate was also different by locality. In these districts as Seto, Ama, Narumi, Chita, and Nagoya districts, where were notice to be reside more patients, the rate was shown lower.
8. The home residence of patients were between 8 and 28 years, showing obvious dif-ference by locality. Years from onset to admission in leprosaria was shown between 6 and 12.
As mentioned above, the conditions of leprosy infection different by locality, and so, a preventive counter-measure for leprosy must be taken with a consideration of locality.

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In 1903, in the first report of murine leprosy, Stefansky described the occurrence of two forms of the disease, glandular and musculo-cutaneous. Since then many investigators have observed natural murine leprosy on the basis of this classification.
With further progress, however, most workers are of the opinion that the glandular and musculo-cutaneous forms are merely early and late stages of the same disease.
The purpose of this experiment is to study in detail the classification of mouse leprosy.
As stated in previous reports (La Lepro, 26, 1957), remarkable differences were found between the various inbred strains of mice, when susceptibility to murine leprosy was studied for the purpose of selecting an adequate experimental mouse strain.
This author considered that mouse leprosy should be classified into two polar types, benign and malignant. The skin lesions of the former type, such as of C57BL/6, appeared early and were hard, small and sharply defined, whereas those of the latter type, such as of C3H, developed later, were soft and much larger, with a diffuse thickening appearance.
The variation in susceptibility to murine leprosy, the benign (with resistance) and the malignant (without resistance), is manifested in these two clinical characteristic features.
The course of malignant type is in general progressive, with fatal termination in appro-ximately 30 weeks. On the other hand, the disease may undergo gradual regression and sometimes spontaneous healing in the late stage of the benign type.
Moreover, it is of interest in immunological studies that the administration of BCG to mice, in which the disease occurs as the malignant type, is sometimes possible to convert the malignant type to the benign type.
Taking this fact into consideration, observation with a new classification may contribute to progress in murine leprosy research.

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