Thinking about a past trial for the improvement of malnutrition by vitamins annexed to rice grains, the artificial rice grains adsorbing DDS and coating with zeinpalmitic acid. were pepared.
The fundamental studies on the artificial rice grains were performed by emloying ¹⁴C-DDS and ³⁵S-DDS. The coating effect to prevent the flowing out of DDS during washing of grains was noticed and the flowing was also not marked in case of lipoluble medicament.
The metabolism of DDS annexed to rice grains was compared with that of DDS by rats and man. The retult showed the probable absorption of DDS from stomach wall if it is annexed to rice grains.
In the same time, the distribution of DDS to the embryos of rats was examined. The suitable usage of the artificial DDS-rice was discussed.

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DDS, B663, Thaliclomideのような二,三の治らい剤の消炎効果が種々の薬効学的検査法で調べられ,その結果が非ステロイド消炎剤中代表的な消炎剤であるとして知られるIndomethaicn (IDM)またはそのglutarate(TV1322)や抗糸状菌剤だがその抗リウマチ作用が興味を持たれつつあつたClotrimazoleの消炎効果とくらべられた。その結果,これら代表的治らい剤の薬効活性スペクトラは,どの検査法においても活性を示したIDMやTV1322の薬効活性とくらべると部分的なものであることが見いだされた。その上,DDSとB663はスペクトラに関し相互に対比的で,DDSはカラゲニン急性ラット浮腫や二,三の発痛物質を皮内注した場合の滲出に対し著明に阻止作用を有するに反し,B663はアジュバント関節炎を強く,膜の不安定化を弱く抑制した。これら発見に基ずき,治らい剤の消炎効果と,らい症状へ及ぼす治効との関係が論じられた。

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Mycobacterium lepraernuriurn Hawaii grown on one per cent Ogawa's egg yolk mediums¹⁾ was collected, washed and delipidated. Purified cell wall fraction (CWF) was prepared from the delipidated cells by sonicating and by digesting with trypsin and chymotrypsin. CWF was suspended in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) or in saline, or sometimes in oil-in-water solution, and then injected into the footpads of rats or mice. Arthritis induced by injecting with 100μg or 300μg of CWF into rat footpad was seen in the joints of both sides of the hind and front legs and in the joints of the tail. These symptoms were similar to those induced with Freund's complete adjuvant⁶⁾.
When the same CWF was injected into the mouse footpad, I could find the localized footpad swelling but not find the same kind of arthritis as seen in rats. Mouse footpad swelling reaction which was not depended on the mouse strains, showed a dose response to CWF (Fig. 2). Injection with CWF in FIA induced severer and longer reaction than with CWF in saline (Figs. 2, 3 and 6). This f ootpad reaction in mouse seems to be not related to delayed-type hypersensitivity, but due to inflammatory reaction with tissue damages, because reinjection of CWF into another footpad on the 30 th day after primary injection with CWF caused no specific reaction (Figs. 4 and 5). When CWF was injected in oil-in-water solution, comparatively high rate of footpad swelling reaction was observed for longer time (Fig. 6). It seemes to be due to making a little damage to the tissue and to giving long-term stimulation to host.
It is well known that whole cells of various of Mycobacterium, Wax D from M. tuberculosis and cell wall fractions from various strains of mycobacteria have adjuvancy^{5, 6, 7)}. These cells or cellular fractions consist of mycolic acid, arabinogalactan and mucopeptide as a standard cell wall skeleton. M. lepraemurium Hawaii grown in vivo and in vitro also have the mycolic acid-arabinogalactan-mucopeptide complex in its cell wall fraction^{2, 3)}. Therefore, it is reasonable that CWF from M. lepraemurium showed the similar adjuvancy to other mycobacteria. It is reported that cell walls of M. bovis BCG act as an adjuvant and cannot nonspecifically enhance cell-mediated immunity²¹⁾. Injection of CWF into mouse footpad might not induce delayed-type hypersensitivity without any antigen.

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The pathologic aspects and distribution of lesions resulting from leprosy have been extensively investigated in the peripheral nerves, but little attention has been paid to the spinal cord. The spinal lesions are mentioned briefly or not at all in most neuropathology text-books. Although there are reports on acute stage of lesions and young cases, the distribution of old lesions in the spinal cord-treated is not well known. This report describes the neuropathologic findings in the spinal cord of 12 patients who has old lesions and survived for an extended period.
The pattern of dorsal column degeneration was observed in all patients, with degeneration of the posterior funiculi and survival of few axons without lepra bacilli. Most often, the degeneration was limited to the fasciculus gracilis, occured bilaterally, and extended from thoracic through cervical segment to the nucleus gracilis, while sparing lumbar and sacral cord. Only rarely was the slightless pallor demonestrable in the posterior funicli in the rostal lumbar spinal cord. The site of degeneration was marked by cellular and fibrillary astrogliosis. The presence and amount of macrophages were variable. The cross-sectional areas of the degenerated fasciculus gracilis was larger in the upper cervical than in the lower cervical spinal cord.
The gray matter of the spinal cord as well as the fasciculus cuneatus and the anterior and lateral funiculi were normal. No cribriform degeneration was noted, and the destruction did not resemble that of combined degeneration. Dystrophic axons were found in the gracile and cuneate nuclei. Whether or not there was a degeneration of the fasciculus gracilis. Dorsal roots and ganglia were abnormal in all checked-patients who had degeneration of the posterior column. The other, no other lesions were seen in the remaining portions of central nervous system in these patients except for cerebral softening.
Of the 12 patients in our sample, one patient died at 30 years of age. The male: female ratio for these with the degeneration was 7:5.
Clinically, the posterior column lesion was not suspected. Of the entire population, most of all had clinical evidence recorded of psychoneurological signs of the leprosy. The spinal cords dying with leprosy after advanced age showed posterior column degeneration. Advanced age did not to be appear a increased risk. None of these patients had findings of pericious anemia or spino-cerebellar degeneration. It is possible that nutritional, toxic or bacteric factors may be play role in producing this lesion. Such limited damage cannot account for the dissociated deficit of the sensory system.
The selective involvement of the posterior funiculi in our patients with leprosy may be a better explanation of the neurologic deficit following neuropathy.

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Shepardが開発した方法にもとづき,ヌードマウスを用いて著者らがこれを一層発展させた実験動物らいが,らい研究における真の動物モデルとして確立され,広く研究に用いうる実験系になるためには,初代発症マウスの病巣内増殖菌が,次代接種マウスにおいても,初代と同様に増殖して病変を作るようでなければならない。そして由来の異なる患者材料でも同一疾病が再現される必要があり,従ってこれらを検討したのが本研究である。
ヌードマウス内増殖菌は,次代接種ヌードマウスにおいても顕著な経時的増菌と病変の進展を示し,病巣は病理組織学的にらい腫の病像を呈した。すなわち,病巣内増殖菌はヌードマウスにおいて継代可能であることが確認された。次いで実験の再現性については,最初にマウスを発症せしめた既報の材料以外に,現在までに由来の異なる8名の患者材料によってヌードマウスにらいの発症をきたし,再現性が立証された。これらの結果から,ヌードマウスの実験らいが確立され,らい研究の動物モデルとして利用できることが示された。従って,今後の広範な応用が期待される。また10⁴の菌量接種では発症までに1ヵ年半以上もの長期間を要したが,10⁵～10⁶の菌量接種によりかなり短縮されて,早いものでは8カ月後に接種足蹠の腫脹を伴って発症し,1足当り1.1×10¹⁰の菌が算出された。

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