日本らい学会雑誌
Online ISSN : 2185-1360
Print ISSN : 0386-3980
ISSN-L : 0386-3980
50 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
  • 犀川 一夫
    1981 年 50 巻 3 号 p. 99-104
    発行日: 1981/09/30
    公開日: 2008/02/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    The study on leprosy epidemiological phenomenon on the decreasing leprosy prevalence rate has been done by many leprologists before.
    A pilot study has been done in the field in Okinawa Island to observe some epidemiological phenomena on the tendency of the decreasing leprosy incidence rate. Okinawa was the most severe leprosy endemic area in Japan and in 1967 leprosy incidence rate was 0.181‰, but recently the situation has been very much improved and the incidence rate became 0.017 ‰ in 1980. Moreover, in Okinawa, leprosy out-patient treatment has been put into operation since 1961 and it has been easy to collect the data on newly-detected patients.
    The following results were obtained in the stage when leprosy incidence rate showed decreasing tendency.
    1. Leprosy incidence rate, lepromatous incidence rate, child incidence rate and child ratio (under 14 years old) showed decreasing tendency altogether, especially child incidence rate and child ratio were decreasing at a faster pace than leprosy incidence rate.
    2. Lepromatous ratio and aged ratio (over 65 years old) were increasing in this stage on the contrary.
    3. At this stage the difference between male ratio and female ratio were reducing, especially the difference between both ratio of child patients were reductng at a faster rate than in case of adults.
    4. The cross phenomenon in the curve of child ratio and aged ratio was a remarkable sign and the phenomenon previously suggests the decrease of leprosy incidence rate.
    5. In this stage the peak of the onset age curve moved from the younger group to the older group.
  • (第2報)卵黄蛋白質画分と還元剤の影響
    森 龍男, MAR-MAR NYEIN
    1981 年 50 巻 3 号 p. 105-115
    発行日: 1981/09/30
    公開日: 2008/02/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    鼠癩菌が1%小川卵黄培地に増殖することが確認(1,2,3)されていらい,私は鼠癩菌の増殖促進因子を卵黄の中に求めて研究を進めてきた。前報(4)において卵白2と1%小川基礎培地1の割に混じ塩酸でpH6.1に修正して凝固せしめた培地が最小栄養培地として卵黄の増殖促進因子を追跡するのに好都合であることを報告した。卵黄を有機溶媒で抽出した時,脂溶性画分には鼠癩菌の増殖を促進する因子はなく,抽出残渣の蛋白質画分に増殖促進因子がみられた。今回はこの卵黄の蛋白質画分の増殖促進因子を追跡すると同時に数種の還元剤の影響を検討した。増殖の判定は増殖した菌量を湿菌として秤量し培地1本あたりの平均量で比較した。表1に示すように最小栄養培地に卵黄の加熱抽出液の遠沈上清を濃縮して加えても鼠癩菌の増殖促進作用はみられなかった。表3に示すように有機溶媒による抽出残渣の卵黄蛋白質分画に活性があり,しかもこれらの活性は酸,アルカリ,蛋白質分解酵素により失活することがわかった。
    卵黄を水にとける画分ととけない画分に分けたとき,各々の画分のみでは増殖促進活性は弱いが,水不溶画分に卵黄加熱抽出液を加えると増殖促進活性を増すことで,増殖促進因子が水に不溶の高分子画分と加熱抽出液(これのみでは増殖を支持しなかった)に存在し,卵黄加熱抽出液の代用として酵母の加熱抽出液では不充分であった(表6)。
    卵黄の増殖促進因子が卵黄の水加熱抽出液のみでは不十分で,高分子の蛋白質画分にみられるが,これらを酸,アルカリあるいは蛋白質分解酵素で水解すると失活することからこのような高分子の蛋白質が鼠癩菌によって栄養として利用されているとは考えにくい。しかしながら表4と図2に最小栄養培地に加える卵黄の量と増殖菌量との関係を示したが,かなりの小量の卵黄画分で増殖を促進することより,卵黄の還元性物質以外に何か不明の増殖促進因子が卵黄の高分子画分に付随しているようにも思える。
    卵黄の加熱物に硫化水素嗅のすることは皆よく知っていることであるが,加熱により硫化水素を発生するある物質が卵黄の高分子画分に付随しているようである。この物質の還元作用が鼠癩菌の増殖を支持しているのではないだろうか。鼠癩菌の増殖と還元剤の影響を見ると,最小栄養培地に還元剤を加えた場合には(表7,8)それほど著明な増殖促進作用はみられなかったが,Kirchner寒天培地に還元剤を加えたときはチオグリコレートとチステインと還元グルタチオンに増殖促進活性がみられ,ジチオスレイトールとメルカブトエタノールはむしろ阻害した。最小栄養培地に還元剤を加えた場合は滅菌による加熱操作がさけられないために還元剤の失活がおこるのかも知れないが,チオグリコレート培地は通常オートクレープ滅菌しているので,加熱不安定のみとは断定できない。キルヒナー寒天培地にチステインを加えた場合はとくに増殖がよく1%小川卵黄培地に匹敵する程の増殖を見た試験管もあった。
    抗酸菌の中で増殖のために還元剤を必要とするのは鼠癩菌のみで,鼠癩菌のチトクローム系がin vivo菌,in vitro培養菌とも他の培養抗酸菌と異なっていることとあわせて,鼠癩菌の独特な性質と云えるであろう。
  • 2) 皮下感染例について
    種村 睦子
    1981 年 50 巻 3 号 p. 116-127
    発行日: 1981/09/30
    公開日: 2008/02/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    Avian tubercle bacilli, strain Kirchberg, were inoculated subcutaneously on the thorax of 5 inbred strains of mice, C3H, C57BL/6, DDD, BALB/c and KK, in order to examine the development of local and visceral lesions at varying time intervals.
    In almost all the mice of each strain, a small, hard and sharply defined nodular infiltrate developed at the inoculation site within 2 to 3 weeks. At about 10 to 15 weeks, the nodule stopped growing and tended to regress spontaneously. And in all the mice examined the visceral lesions were slight at that time.
    At the late stage of infection, however, there were remarkable differences in their visceral lesions among the tested strains of mice, while subcutaneous lesions were still slight. At 35 to 50 weeks, extensive involvement was found in the lung, liver and spleen of KK and BALB/c mice. And many bacilli-loaded cells were found in the lung of C57BL/6 mice. On the contrary, visceral lesions of C3H and DDD mice were very slight even in the late stage of infection.
    Mouse strain differences in visceral lesions of the subcutaneously infected mice showed similar tendencies to those of the intraperitoneally infected mice.
  • 川口 陽一郎, 松岡 正典, 須子 田キヨ, 種村 睦子
    1981 年 50 巻 3 号 p. 128-134
    発行日: 1981/09/30
    公開日: 2008/02/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    C3H/He strain mice, approximately 6 weeks of age, were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.5mg of M. avium, strain Kirchberg. The inoculum was prepared by the grinding method from a 13-day culuture of M. avium grown on 1% Ogawa's medium. The susceptibility of these mice to the bacilli was evaluated mainly by the average survival
    The susceptibility of mice of 5 inbred strains, C3H, C57BL/6, DDD, BALB/c and KK, was also examined by the same manner above mentioned, as controls.
    Clear differences in the host resistance to
    M. avium
    could be demonstrated in these strains, markedly between C3H and the other strains, including C3H/He. Average survival time and grade of visceral lesions of C3H/He mice were intermediate to those observed in C3H and the other 4 strains, but far distant to those of C3H strain.
  • 中村 昌弘
    1981 年 50 巻 3 号 p. 135-138
    発行日: 1981/09/30
    公開日: 2008/02/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effects of vitamin K3 and B12 on the growth of M. lepraeimurium in NC-5 medium containing soluble starch were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. It was significantly indicated that vitamin K3 as well as B12 remarkably stimulated the primary growth of M. lepraerurium, and the optimal concentrations of each vitamin were 0.005μg and 0.4μg/ml, respectively.
  • 中村 昌弘
    1981 年 50 巻 3 号 p. 139-143
    発行日: 1981/09/30
    公開日: 2008/02/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    Pantoyl lactone was known showing an cytokinetic effect on the agent long multinucleate filaments of certain mutant strains of E. coli induced after exposure to radiation. Effect of pantoyl lactone on the growth of M. lepraemurium in cell-free medium was tested in order to see whether pantoyl lactone had the same effect on M. lepraemurium as on filamentous E. coli. The results obtained were as follows:
    1. The numbers of bacilli in NDO-5 medium were significantly increased by addition of 0.005M pantoyl lactone.
    2. Remarkable growth stimulation of M. lepraemurium in the slide culture system was observed when added with 0.005M pantoyl lactone.
    3. However, filament formation of M. lepraemurium was still not changed by additions of any dosis of pantoyl lactone.
  • 広岡 佳子, 斉藤 七子
    1981 年 50 巻 3 号 p. 144-153
    発行日: 1981/09/30
    公開日: 2008/02/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    One of the most susceptible strains, C3H mice and the most resistant strain, C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with 5×109 bacilli of Mycobacterium epraemurium subcutaneously and lymphocyte transformation test of spleen cells to the specific antigen and polyclonal mitogens was performed and DTH to PPD and unrelated intigen, SRBC and HGG was also tested at various stages during the course of infection.
    In LTT to the specific antigen, MLM, C3H mice showed almost low response until 24 weeks after infection, though C57BL/6 mice showed high response at 7th, 8th and 13 week significantly. In contrast, in LTT to T-cell mitogens, PHA and ConA, C3H mice developed the blastogenic response as high as seen in C57BL/6 mice even at 24th week after infection, though C3H mice were heavily loaded with bacilli at this stage.
    Response to B-cell mitogen, LPS was rather high in C3H mice than in C57BL/6 mice.
    Delayed type hypersensitivity response to MLM and PPD measured on footpad was high in C57BL/6 mice at 7th week after MLM infection. C3H mice also developed response to PPD in spite of low responsiveness to the specific antigen, MLM.
    DTH response to unrelated antigen, SRBC and HGG were tested in MLM infected C3H mice. DTH to SRBC at 13th and 17th week was not different between MLM infected and uninfected control mice. DTH to HGG at 17th week was also the same as that of control mice.
    These results showed that MLM infected C3H mice were not able to respond to the specific antigen, MLM, but general depression of cell mediated immunity was not observed in these mice until 24th week after infection.
    As the facts above mentioned are similar to our early observations on human leprosy, the suppression of specific immune response is discussed in relation to antileprous immunity in human and experimental murine leprosy.
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