Seven species, including two new species, of the genus
Trichocolea Dumort.:
T. iriomotensis T.Katag.,
T. japonica T.Katag.,
T. magna T.Katag.,
T. mollissima (Hook.f. & Taylor) Gottsche,
T. pluma (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Mont.,
T. rudimentaris Steph., and
T. tomentella (Ehrh.) Dumort., are recognized for Southeast Asia, including the New Guinea Islands. Distribution data, habitat, taxonomic notes, distinguishing characters of the species, and a key to the species of the genus
Trichocolea are provided. Three new synonyms of
Trichocolea pluma:
Jungermannia tomentella var.
javanica Reinw., Blume & Nees,
T. samoana Steph.,
T. tonkinensis Steph., one new synonym of
Trichocolea tomentella:
T. tomentella f.
nodulosa Nees, and one new synonym of
Trichocolea rudimentaris:
T. fragillima Herzog are proposed. Lectotypes are selected for
T. australis Steph. (=
T. mollissima),
T. striolata Steph. (=
T. pluma),
T. levifolia Steph. (=
T. pluma), and
T. rudimentaris Steph. Phylogenetic analyses based on rbcL gene sequences revealed monophyly of Trichocoleaceae in which two clades
Eotrichocolea–
Leimotra clade and
Trichocolea clade were resolved. It is suggested that epicoelocaules, as observed in
Trichcocolea and
Eotrichocolea, are independently derived from perianth-bearing shoots.
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