［Introduction］It’s reported that the exercise has an influence on the neuroendocrine system. However, the report that examined neuroendocrine response to long-term exercise does not exist. The purpose of this study was to clarify the neuroendocrine response to the long-term exercise stress.［Methods］The subjects of the long-term exercise stress group were 13 university students who were members of rugby football clubs. They participated in the rugby football camp for 3 weeks. Blood samples were collected from the subjects before and after the long-term exercise stress.［Results］Adrenaline and ACTH, cortisol showed no significant difference (n.s.). But only noradrenaline was significantly increased after exercise (p < 0.05).［Conclusion］After the long-term exercise stress, noradrenaline increased by hyperactivity of the sympathetic system.

  Lower leg muscle’s electromyography (EMG) amplitude increases non-linearly during incremental pedaling exercise, and the breakpoint is called EMG threshold (EMGT). Although it is said that EMGT can estimate lactate threshold (LT), it is not revealed what changes are occurred in kinetic data during this exercise. If the rapid increase in EMG amplitude results from the rise of mechanical force, EMGT can’t substitute LT correctly. So, in this study, we investigated the relation between lower limb joint moments and EMGT of lower leg muscles. Although, the muscle that showed the highest detection rate was gluteus maximus (GM), it is not appropriate to use this muscle’s EMGT for estimation of LT because hip extension moment for which GM mainly works began to increase at EMGT. On the other hand, knee extension moment didn’t increase at the workload over EMGT. So, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis, which show high EMGT detection rate in previous studies, possibly can substitute LT. In addition to that, regarding the change of pedaling technique, it is indicated that the contribution of hip as a power generator and knee as a power transporter were enhanced during incremental exercise.

  University students must prioritize their health care to lead a meaningful student life. As a result, maintaining or improving the immune system, which is required to maintain body homeostasis, is critical. Immunity is said to change with exercise. Practical sports courses at universities provide valuable opportunities for university students to exercise. Therefore, courses on sports skills may assist university students in strengthening their immunity. However, there are no reports of studies that investigated the impact of sports skill courses on the immunity of university students. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of weekly sports practice, which is offered as a mandatory course, on the immunity of university students. The subjects were 15 students in a practical sports course. Immunity was evaluated using saliva samples, which can be acquired noninvasively with simple techniques. Saliva samples were collected before and after a 90-minute sports practice class. Secretory IgA concentration (SIgA), salivary amylase levels and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured. The results of analysis, SIgA and salivary amylase levels were all significantly increased after the class compared to before the class. The RPE of the sports practical skills class in which they participated was 12.2 ± 2.0. The results of this study showed that a 90-minute sports practice course improves the immune competence of students.