[in Japanese]

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Feng-shui literally means wind & water, but historically indicates the technologies of the environmental impact assessments(EIA) especially in pre-modern East Asia. Its origin may be looked for pre-historical period in China, & the synonyms for Feng-shui can be found at Zhou period. After ancient Chinese discovered a magnetic compass as a metrical instrument about at 200 BC., then the technologies of Feng-shui had leaping developed & globally widespread over throughout pre-modern periods. Before the constructing cities, houses, & tombs were requested EIA without exception by national geomancers using Feng-shui knowledge in East Asia.

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[in Japanese]

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This study surveys the portolan atlas called "L'Arte vera navegatione di Gio. Francesco Monno" in the University of Genoa, Italy. It was drawn by Giovanni Francesco Monno from Monaco in 1633. In the 17th century, the chart schools in Genoa have begun to decline. As the production of chart, there were several schools in Italy, Spain and France, such as Vesconte, Pizigano and Agnese. However it seems that he didn't belong to any schools. In addition, in this period, maps and charts in print have already appeared and come into fairly common. He also left a few manuscript charts and atlases that are kept in Italy and England today. The portolans are possible to be classified into 3 types, i.e. charts, atlases and original portolans included descriptions of navigation and astronomy, topographies and charts. The atlas of Monno comes under the latest. It is made up of the navigation's guide, 7 charts and descriptions about the ports and the islands in the Mediterranean. There are also 29 small charts in the descripitons. And its volume amounts to 200 pages.In this presentation, mention is made of the contents of the atlas, the topographical features, the characteristic representation of note and geographical information in the atlas. The importance of the atlas of Monno would be viewed from the history of cartography.

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[in Japanese]

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In this report, I offer the exposition of Henro pilgrimage on shikoku island in 1937 held in Osaka. This involved with all temples concerns with Henro pilgrimage and was first one. Past studies hardly had regarded pilgrimage phenomenon as "spectacle" and especially tackled this exposition. This exposition was also a one of the memorial event of "Nankai " private railway company in Osaka. Through 1920-30's, for many private railway companies held several events along own lines, some one had interests to exposition of temples too. Without Nankai railway company and temples in Henro pilgrimage, some temples in Osaka, which were same sect, concerned with it and played a role of intermediator. They established the association for this exposition. In the process of planning, they were necessary to clear up or adjust some problems. Venues were along Nankai railway, one of them and station near that were established by Nankai railway anew. For 43 days during this exposition, 200 thousands peoples visited there. Some visitor had heavy religious motivation and worshiped butsues of Henro pilgrimage's temples intensely. On the other hand, many secular events also held for inviting many visitor.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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This report aims to compare the location pattern of large-scale retail stores with the location process stated in the large-scale retail store act in the southern area of Kyoto Prefecture. Large-scale retail stores began opening in the southern area of Kyoto Prefecture in the 1970s. Initially it was just supermarkets. After the1990s when the large-scale retail store act was relaxed, specialty stores and home centers were added to supermarkets. Therefore, the types of large-scale retail stores diversified. The location process of large-scale retail stores in Yawata City and Kumiyama Town was compared. Yawata City, which used to be called Yawata Town has been the main retail market since 1961. It was the main food distribution center to neighborhood inhabitants until the late 1970s. The plan for large-scale retail stores in Yawata City has been realized since 1974. In 1983 "Yawata Saty" opened after negotiations between supermarkets and local retail stores. Mycal was the main anchor shop. Local retailers were favored to enter "Yawata Saty" as tenants because the regulations imposed by the large-scale retail store act were rigorous. In Kumiyama Town, two large shopping centers opened in 1999 and 2000; one, "Jusco Kumiyama" is anchored by AEON, and the other, "Locktown Kumiyama" has a lot of specialized shops. These shopping centers have less local retail stores than Yawata Saty because originally there were not many retail shops in Kumiyama Town. Also, both shopping centers were readily accessible by motor vehicle so were attractive options for potential retailers.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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We researched the the land use in Boston downtown. Boston's downtown is so famous as a retail center of New England. We researched land uses in around Downtown Drossing, along Charles Street in Beacon Hill and along Newbury Street in Back Bay.

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[in Japanese]

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The first purpose of this presentation is to clarify population dynamics and the actual situation of the migrant workers in Beijing, China. The second one is to draw a distribution map of migrant workers communities, and to approach that how the communities are formed and clearanced in the development towards the Beijing Olympic Games.

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In this study, I examine residential differentiation by explaining the strategy of condominium developers. If similar people like to live in the similar house, it is important to examine the activities of developer in the housing sub market for explaining the residential differentiation. So, as one of the housing sub market, I explain the strategy of condominium developers about the location or room types of condominiums in Fukuoka city. In Fukuoka city, supply of condominiums for single life has increased in the downtown area in the bubble economy era. In the post-bubble economy era, however, they decrease and most of the supply of condominiums in downtown area is for permanent residence. On the one hand, the strategy of major condominium developers has the tendency like this. On the other hand, local condominium developers take different strategy about the location or room types of condominiums.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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The purpose of this study is to examine the process of spatial diffusion of Internet into households in Japan, paying attention to the role of household members and difference of Internet usage by the period of adoption. First of all, the regional trend of Internet usage was examined by analyzing the rate of Internet users by municipality and the relation to demographic variables. The result of the analysis showed that municipalities with higher rate of users expand from CBD to south-west suburbs in Tokyo Metropolitan Area (TMA) and this trend was correlated with age, occupation, and education level of residents. Nevertheless people don't use Internet by the cellular phone in the same way as by PC. The analysis of the data from the questionnaire survey in Aoba-ku, where the rate of Internet usage is highest within TMA, proved that the earlier adopters, mainly white-collar male adults, started to use Internet by themselves without help; but the later adopters, mainly younger people or females, tended to use e-mail exclusively by cellular phone and used PCs shared with household members. In addition, a CATV firm played an important role in promoting Internet within the study area, which is reflected in the higher rate of Internet connection via CATV in Aoba-ku. Hence it can be said that not only the personal attributes but also the social environment promoting the innovation influence on the diffusion of Internet.

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In the early 1990s, Italy was confronted with crises. The "First Republic" after World War Two brought down because of corruptions of traditional popular parties, a monetary crisis, the end of the Cold War and so on. This also means that in the era of globalization and integration of the EU, Italy lost its clear position in the world. This situation generated many discourses about the nation-state of Italy. In the sphere of politics, new parties were born and were going to construct the "Second Republic". The Lega Nord(Northern League)is an autonomist party which was very critical about the politics of the First Republic and rose rapidly. In the national election of 1996, which decided who was going to reform the state of Italy to enter the Economic and Monetary Union(EMU)of the EU, the Lega gained many votes. Because the Lega had changed its discourses from the "regional" to the "national" in 1996 and began to represent the quasi whole northern Italy as "Padania", the party which claimed "independence" or "secession" met with unexpected good results. In addition the Lega represented complaints about the centralism of Italy in the North-East, center of the Italian economy. Therefore Italian politicians had to negotiate with the secessionist-nationalist Lega and to solute the Northern Question for entry into the EMU. In this process, by the Lega's politics of geographical scale, the meaning of northern Italy became contested. The presentation focuses on how a few other political forces interpreted the Padanian nationalism and meanings of northern Italy.

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The presenter has already clarified that the difference in address systems and street pattern regularities effect the ways of map utilization and navigational expression with the result of his comparative researches of Japanese and American tourist guidebooks. However, in these studies, the map and the language were likely to be handled individually and were not paid much attention to their combinational use. Also, the site-locations may affect the ways of describing environment especially in the city like Tokyo whose street pattern regularities are varied in regard to the areas.This study aims to discuss geographically how maps and navigational sentences tie in relation to each other in reference to the location patterns of the sites in tourist guidebooks.All navigational sentences were quantified by use of 3-frames of reference with 4-referents schema which was proposed in Suzuki's earlier articles. Also, the numerical latitude-longitude data for every site was detected by address-matching device and then used in the spatial distribution analysis by GIS program. Results indicate that there is no significant cultural difference in spatial location pattern of each site in tourist guides. Rather than that, the significant influence was found in the form (or layout) and the way to bifurcate maps and language in the guidebooks.

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