It is obvious that the festival culture and entertainment in Edo were variously changed over the long history if compared to the festival forms between the Edo period and the present time. In this paper, Kanda Matsuri shall be covered as an example of the festivals in Edo; the festival culture and the history of the entertainment and their current ones shall be clarified while comparing the schedule and route of the festival and the music, seen at the festival.

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The author has been conducting an oral history of women Ryukyuan dancers. This paper focuses on Shizutama no Uta, a representative work of Fusako Shida, one of the main subjects of this project, to perform an analysis of the structure of that work. The factors space, sound, and body are used as indices in this analysis. A summary of these factors as they appear in the piece follows.

1) Space: Shizutama no Uta was dedicated to the Okinawa Peace Memorial Hall on the eve of the Okinawa Memorial Service for All the War Dead in 2000. The Okinawan Peace Prayer Statue, the prototype for which was sculped by the Japanese artist Shinzan Yamada, stands in the Memorial Hall. Shizutama no Uta exploited the awareness of the idea of dedication on display here.

2) Sound: Healing music composed by Makiko Hirohashi was used to accompany the dance. The sound of water drops flowing in the first part was overlaid on the sound of the music of the koto to produce a memory of the sound experienced during wartime in the trenches or caves. In addition, guisu (the words of prayer sung at Okinawan rituals) written by Fusako Shida was read by Sumiko Kitajima, an Okinawan stage actress, to express remembrance of the war dead and hope for peace.

3) Body: Several dances featuring the hands were included in the middle and last parts of the performance, over the base tones of techniques of ritual dance handed down in Okinawa since time immemorial, by using the hands of the thousand-armed Kannon and mudra-type dances.

In the ongoing oral history of Okinawan dancers, the structure of this work will provide an important perspective on the artistic consideration of Okinawan dancers.

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This study investigated the effect of an acute mild exercise in Pilates on cognitive function of middleaged women. Sixteen women, aged 30 to 50 (M=40.6) years, included the study. They participated the walking and Pilates programs for each 60 minutes. Before and after each program, participants completed Stroop color word test. A two-way repeated ANOVA was performed using SPSS software to analyze the data. The results indicated that the score of control tasks (task1 and 3) were increased significantly after both of the walking and Pilates exercise. Furthermore, the walking and Pilates program did not decrease the Stroop interference rate and the reverse-Stroop interference rate. These results suggest that the Pilates in our study effects on not the attentional cognitive function but the simple matching skill.

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