Humans and Nature

Malesian Chaetomitrium (Symphyodontaceae, Musci): Type illustrations, taxonomical notes, and key to the species

2014 Volume 25 Pages 1-62
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24713/hitotoshizen.25.0_1

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This paper provides 47 type illustrations, and taxonomical notes for 36 species of Chaetomitrium from Malesia, based on morphological observation of type materials. Key to the species of 39 accepted names is also provided.

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Which site-broadcasting is better in lifelong learning facilities? Comparison between two systems, one with natural voice and the other with artificially synthesized voice by hearing experience

2014 Volume 25 Pages 63-74
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24713/hitotoshizen.25.0_63

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In February 2014, I conducted a set of auditory tests in order to confirm listening desirability in hearing 26 persons plus one auditory-agnostic person. Bias was persent in the age structure and sex ratio: females biased 50 yrs mode subject. Questions consisted of digital recordings of atural voices emitted by professional and volunteer announcers with artificially synthesized speech newly created. Female voices were significantly more understandable than male voices in nature. There was no bias between both artificial sexual-imitated synthesized voices. In any cases, natural voices were significantly more understandable than artificially synthesized voices. Artificially synthesized voices, however, become significantly more understandable, provided that it is with kanji-and-kana sentences and pictogram. Recitation and rhythmical song had no significant differences. In the future, it is desirable to present pictures and symbols for communication-support with sounds in emergency evacuation especially for the universal use.

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Effects of nest-trap types on monitoring of tube-nesting wasps and bees

2014 Volume 25 Pages 75-83
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24713/hitotoshizen.25.0_75

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In order to establish standard nest traps for tube-nesting bees and wasps, we evaluated the efficiency and attractiveness of three different nest-trap types for sampling bees and wasps. Bundle type traps, in which 35 bamboo tubes of four sizes sorted according to diameter were bundled haphazardly, attracted less bees and wasps to nests than curtain type traps, in which bamboo tubes of each size were vertically arranged to form four ‘curtains’. The trapping efficiency of the sub-bundle type, in which bamboo tubes were bundled for each size, was similar to that of curtain type traps. Bundle and sub-bundle type traps tended to capture bee and wasp species with preference for large tube size, whereas curtain type traps were effective at capturing various species with different preferences for tube sizes. Our results suggest that the curtain type is better for trapping tube-nesting bees and wasps.

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Growth and longevity of the Japanese eight-barbel loach Lefua echigonia in a small marsh in the Kako River system, Hyogo Prefecture

2014 Volume 25 Pages 85-90
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24713/hitotoshizen.25.0_85

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The individual growth pattern and longevity of the Japanese eight-barbel loach Lefua echigonia, an endemic and endangered species in Japan, were evaluated both in the field and in captivity. The field survey using an individual identification-recapture method was performed five times between November 1999 and September 2002 in a small marsh in the Kako River system, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The captured individuals ranged from 17.9 to 66.9 mm in standard length, and the recapture rate ranged from 4.5 to 10.8 %. Individuals of ca. 30 mm in November 1999 had grown to ca. 50 mm by December 2000. Individuals of ca. 50 mm in December 2000 had grown to ca. 57 mm by September 2002. Three reared individuals of 40.6 to 45.1 mm, estimated to be 0 to 1 years old in November 1999, grew to 61.7 to 64.4 mm by May 2005 in tanks, at which time they were estimated to be 6-7 years old. The potential longevity of this species in the field is more than 6 years.

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Population structure of a riparian tree, Pterocarya rhoifolia on Mt. Rokko, Hyogo Prefecture

2014 Volume 25 Pages 91-97
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24713/hitotoshizen.25.0_91

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The ants of residential small public parks in Ashiya City, Hyogo Prefecture

2014 Volume 25 Pages 99-104
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24713/hitotoshizen.25.0_99

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A note on responses of juvenile Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus mauritius) against attempted predation by crested goshawks (Accipter trivirgatus)

2014 Volume 25 Pages 105-110
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24713/hitotoshizen.25.0_105

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On October 31st, 2013, we unexpectedly observed attempted predation of two juvenile Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus mauritius) by adult crested goshawks (Accipter trivirgatus), in Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. The goshawks flew over a group of feeding lutungs, attempting attacks only on juvenile lutungs from the rear, while emitting tweeting calls. The attacks involved two different birds (probably a pair) in turn from different directions. The attacks by the goshawks were repeated six times during our observation period (between 13:51 and 13:58), but none of the attempts was successful. During the attacks, no other lutungs in the group showed any anti-predator behavior (such as emitting alarm calls or escaping) against the goshawks perhaps because their body weight (6-10 kg) was much larger than that of goshawk (0.4-0.6 kg). To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of hunting-related behavior to primates by this raptor species.

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Effective use of dinosaur fossils and geological fieldwork in the elementary school's science of the earth

A trial study teaching benefits and disasters caused by the earth's surface processes

2014 Volume 25 Pages 111-123
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24713/hitotoshizen.25.0_111

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A method of clearance of white hairs from seeds of Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii

2014 Volume 25 Pages 125-132
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24713/hitotoshizen.25.0_125

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List of food plants and unpalatable plants of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Japan

2014 Volume 25 Pages 133-160
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: January 21, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24713/hitotoshizen.25.0_133

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