In recent years, there have been reports of various problems caused by studies have asked people how much time they spend using their excessive use of smartphones, especially among young people. Previous smartphones. However, there may be a discrepancy between respondents’ subjective perception of how much time they spend using their smartphones and the objective usage time. The purpose of this study was to clarify that discrepancy.Participants were 74 university students who use iPhones. First, subjective and objective usage times were measured for social networking, watching online videos, playing games, and other online activities in order to identify any discrepancies. Then, the appropriateness of the measured subjective usage time was assessed and the relationship between subjective and objective usage times was clarified.The results showed that the total subjective and objective usage times during a 24-h period were about 5 h and 3.75 h, respectively. On the whole, subjective usage time was longer than objective usage time. For those who answered that their subjective usage time was “short” the objective usage time was longer than their subjective perception. However, for those who answered “adequate” or “a lot,” the objective usage time was shorter than their subjective perception.

A previous study used human face and geometric figure stimuli to compare the gaze behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to that of typically developing (TD) children. Children with ASD gazed at the geometric figure more than the face, whereas, TD children displayed the opposite behavior. There were sex-based differences in gazing behavior toward face stimuli in TD children. Studies specifically report that TD girls gazed longer at the face stimulus compared to TD boys. Therefore, this study measured the gazing behavior of three groups of children; with ASD, TD boys, and TD girls. The participants were exposed to face and geometric figure stimuli side-by-side. We used an eye-tracker and calculated their fixation ratios by measuring gaze fixation time within the face stimulus and the geometric figure stimulus, or outside of these stimuli, and dividing it by the total fixation time. The results indicated that the fixation ratio between ASD and TD boys did not differ significantly. Boys from both groups gazed less at the face stimulus and more at the geometric figure stimulus than TD girls.

Previous studies have reported that the higher pitch (fundamental frequency) and wider formant dispersion (a measure of vocal tract length) of female voices were associated with smaller body size, higher femininity, and attractiveness, even though the actual physical characteristics of adult women are not necessarily predictable from their voice characteristics. In this study, female voice stimuli were used with a wider range of fundamental frequency and formant dispersion than in previous studies, and male college students were asked to rate the speakers’ attractiveness, femininity, body size, and age. The results indicated that voice attractiveness peaked at ca. 280-290 Hz, slightly higher than average fundamental frequencies, and declined at lower or higher voice pitches. Similarly, formant dispersion showed a tendency for attractiveness to increase up to a certain value and to decrease above that value. The estimation of body size and other characteristics from the fundamental frequency and formant dispersion generally confirmed similar trends as in previous studies.