In this paper the authour constructed the computer system with the object of supporting negotiators for agreement by giving them some rational compromise in practice. Negotiators here mean constituents of a group, each of whom possesses a different opinion and view but has a common goal. Based on the negotiation model in which a compromise takes place in accordance with the change of the negotiators' utility values, this system suggests a means to search for the compromise point utilizing the genetic algorithms, which applied one type of chaotic fluctuations derived from the natural selection theory for generation of the individual. As a concrete example of the simuation, group car buying decision is dealt with. And some rules in the negotiation and the way to search for the compromise point by genetic operation are shown with discussing its utility. It is concluded that this method introduced here has the following two features. (1) It can process operations much faster and needs less memories because it does not have to generate individuals to form concessional trajectories nor to set up the fitness before searching for a compromise point. (2) It is possible to obtain a reasonable compromise point because the chaotic fluctuation is applied to the process of the generation of parent individuals. (3) It is modeled on the growing process of individuals of the natural selection theory and it does works as such practically and regularly: that is, the evolution originated in mutations and thereafter it proceeds as individuals are produced repeatedly. From the above, it can be deduced that this system suggests negotiators by giving a most efficient and suitable solution based on the natural selection theory.

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A backstepping-like design method for reduced-order nonlinear observers is proposed. The basic idea of this method is as follows. At first an appropriate function of state variables to be estimated is constructed. Then the next function of state variables to be estimated is derived by designing the former nonlinear function observer. Finally the procedure terminates, resulting a partial differential equation to be solved. If the yielded differential equation is solvable, then the observer can be calculated. The connection between observers with linear error dynamics and this method is discussed.

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In order to investigate the potential of applying the synchrotron radiation (SR) process to the micromachine field, the irradiation effcts on a piezoelectric ceramics PZT [Pb(Zr_x, Ti_1-x)O₃] were studied. The desorption of O, Ti, Zr atoms from PZT was observed, and the irradiated surface of the sample became lead-rich. These selective desorptions result in a modification of the ceramics surface into a metallic one. In fact ohmic conductivity was observed on the irradiated surface, whereas no conductivity was obtained on the unirradiated surface. The results obtained in this study are quite interesting from both aspects of desorption mechanism study and application to electrodes formation on piezoelectric devices.

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This paper describes a bidirectional single-mode (SM) optical fiber SSB data communication system consisting of a pair of optical transmitters, each transmitter constructed using an edge-emitting LED (ELED), a pair of optical receivers, a pair of single-mode optical fibers, each having a length of 12km, and a pair of wire-cable SSB data communication systems for use with coaxial cables. A pair of 12 channels are assigned to SSB data at frequencies of 12kHz through 60kHz in the lower frequency band on the up-going link, and of 72kHz through 120kHz in the higher frequency band on the down-going link, respectively. In each optical transmitter, SSB data is fed to the squarewave frequency (SWIM) modulator constructed using a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) having a center frequency of 3.7MHz. The output of the SWFM modulator is fed to the edge-emitting LED (ELED) module through the ELED drive circuit. The light beam of the ELED module is fed to the SM optical fiber. In each optical receiver, the light beam received through the SM optical fiber is detected by the PIN photodiode module, and fed to the SWFM detector consisting of a digital delay circuit and an EX-OR gate, which converts the SWFM signal voltage into the double pulse frequency modulation (DPFM) signal voltage which includes the baseband component of SSB data. The DPFM signal voltage at the output of the SWFM detector is fed to the lowpass filter (LPF) where SSB data is obtained. The optical transmitter and receiver, whose power is supplied from a DC-DC converter, are housed in a transmitter-receiver unit. When the transmission was experimentally carried out, spurious was as low as -50 to -70dB on each channel, and SNR was as high as more than 65 to 70dB. The proposed optical communication system was improved when the transmission signal quality was compared with that of the coaxial cables system, and the construction was simple at low cost because of the use of the ELED instead of the LD.

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High-speed bus circuit is the key especially for high performance systems built-in processors. But the conventional bus circuits with low power dissipation have the problem of the ringing and dips caused by reflection, then the bus transfer rate cannot reach 100MHz. The Lattice Diagram has been used, but it shows only rough behavior of reflection, or cannot show graphically the relation between the timing and waveforms for reflection.
This paper proposes not only the bus circuit with non-power-dissipated termination that can achieve the transfer rate of over 100MHz which is 2.5_??_3 times faster than the conventional low power bus circuit, but also the newly-devised Lattice Diagram that can clarify graphically the relation between the reflection timing and the waveforms distorted by reflection. SPICE simulation was made to examine the transfer rate for each bus circuit. The bus circuit with non-power-dissipated termination was confirmed 167MHz transfer rate experimentally.

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We developed an optical system that transforms a one-dimensional emission pattern of a 1-cm LD-bar into a two-dimensional spot size suitable of longitudinally pumping a solid-state laser with an excellent mode coupling efficiency. The LD-bar beams are collimated by a rod lens and a lens array in the direction perpendicular and transverse to the diode junction plane, respectively. A multiple reflection beam shaper is placed after the lens array to rearrange the entire beam profile from the linear to almost square. An aspheric condenser lens then produces a focused spot of _??_390μm x 220μm. We applied this shaped diode laser beam to pump a Nd: S-VAP laser. The optical distortion induced with thermal loading increases diffraction loss in the cavity. Significant decrease of the output laser power was observed as increasing the thermal load, together with the distortion in the output beam pattern.

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In papers published previously, we discussed the oscillation wavelength shift of semiconductor lasers in a magnetic field, at room temperature. Observations were carried out by means of a monochromator, which was able to measure the oscillation wavelength shift only in a steady state and subject to a certain degree of measurement errors. In this work, we used the beat note between two semiconductor lasers as a means of observing the wavelength shift. This method reduces overall measurement error down to about one tenth that obtained using the monochromator and enables us to observe the time dependence of the wavelength shift, after setting up a magnetic field. The observed wavelength shift was delayed, compared with the square of the magnetic flux density which is proportional to the wavelength shift in a steady state. This delay measured about 0.07s, which is much longer than we actually expected, when changing temperature in an active layer.

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Proficiency in creating a konwledge base is required for high accuracy fuzzy control. To achieve this we propose a new fuzzy inference method utilizing probability density functions of distiributions of mesurement values defined as membership functions. In addition, to consider qualitative knowledge of the data distribution, we propose a method to determine the membership functions using the distributions of grade accumulation. We applied the proposed method to automatic high accuracy adjustment devices for magnetic head, and the experimental results were satisfactory.

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In this paper, an illuminating method with the 1/f-fluctuation is proposed to produce the peaceful lighting stage, because it is said that the 1/f-fluctuation will make a relaxed mental state.
The light intensity from the normal light bulb is changed by the phase control in the A. C. power source with the 1/f-fluctuation signals generated by performing the First Fourier Transformation (FFT) on the normal random numbers and by passing through the 1/f-filter. The light power spectrum is measured by calculating the picture image from the CCD camera to check the tendency of 1/f-fluctuation in the illumination from the bulb, and also in the flame light from the candle. Physiological impression for the 1/f-fluctuating illumination is compared with the change of the heart rate in other lighting conditions: the normal lighting, and the flashing lighting using the random numbers. From the result of physiological measurements, the decrease in the heart rate for the proposed 1/f-fluctuating illumination is observed.

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In this paper, we propose a time domain design of the optimal deadbeat control system with output feedback or state feedback in consideration of the response between the sampling instants.
The sequence of the control signal which minimizes the quadratic performance index for the deviation and manipulated variable can be easily obtained from the computation of the matrix constructed by the impulse response in the system. Then, the deadbeat control system with two sampler is composed of series compensation controller, series integral _??_ local feedback compensation controller and state feedback _??_ pre-compensator.
We also gained good performance from a computer simulation of the multiple sampler system with different periods.

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It is very difficult in the music harmonization system of the modern popular music that the complicated music, that have the chord progression and the key change reflected in the music theories and arranger's personality, are composed by using the techniques of artificial intelligence and neural network.
In this paper, we propose a musical arrangement system using fuzzy reasoning by max-min operation in two fuzzy sets. There are the parts consisting of some bars in the melody of the music. Each part has tonality very related to images of music. Then, we make a chord progression fit to the tonality of each part by taking notice of the importance of each note constructing a melody. The two sets are classified with (1)“fitting a chord to a melody” and (2)“propriety of a chord progression according to considering music theory. We get the parameters of the sets from the shapes of the membership functions, which are changed by arranger's feeling and experience. We have the good natural chord progression without inharmoniousness by using the reasoning. It is shown in the experimental results that the tonality takes advantage of the reasoning to propose the final chords.

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In this paper, we propose an algorithm for inspecting the shielding plate for ball bearing parts. This algorithm is described in the following steps:
(1) the first step is searching for the center of a shielding plate in an image,
(2) the second step is transforming cartesian coordinates into polar coordinates in image, and
(3) well-made or defected parts are inspected from the value of gray level about all of the sample-points(m, n) ∈Z={0, ±1, ±2, ...} onto the region of its image.
By these steps, we are able to check the object in several items. This method can be useful for other objects whose shapes are ring.

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It is well known that the TDOF (two-degree-of-freedom) control is one of the most effective control methods in order to obtain desirable transient response in tracking control. Though several TDOF control design methods exist, designed TDOF controllers sometimes become high-order controllers. On the other hand, it is required that the order of the controller make be low if there are some hardware constraints for controller implementations. In this paper, we propose two types of TDOF controller design methods which are useful in such situations. In the proposed methods, since the feedforward controllers are designed by using dynamical characteristics of pre-designed feedback controllers, the order of the TDOF controller never increase from the order of the feedback controller. Effectiveness of these TDOF controllers are demonstrated by some experimental results using a flexible structure MIMO system.

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In thermal power plants, it is an important theme to improve the control accuracy of main steam pressure and temperature etc. during load up/down. This paper focused on temperature control that is most difficult due to the nonlinearity and long dead time of power plants. MRAC is applicable for the feedforward control of power plants, but there are some problems. The most serious problem is that PE (presistently exciting) condition is not satisfied, and so it is difficult to estimate plant parameters using the well-known recursive least square method. We proposed a combined method of neural networks and MRAC (Model Reference Adaptive Control) in which plant parameters are decided by Jacobian calculation of neural networks. This method was evaluated by a detailed simulator that represents accurately the dynamics of power plants.

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We developed a system that composes BGM automatically with color informations of a picture. This system uses only color informations, so it has no object recognitions and can evaluate full-color picture at high speed.
In this paper, we propose a concept of characteristic colors for vision-like evaluating. We succeeded in extracting characteristic colors from a full-color picture by using fuzzy theory and proposing a new expression color method, called dome shaped color system. We also were able to compose various progressive patterns with fuzzy theory, in order to coexist general rules and exceptional inflexions of chord progressions for making music.
This system is useful for translating visual informations to suitable auditory informations for handicapped persons, also it can be used for educations with high fused audio-visual media, and so on.

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This paper presents a framework for constructing database of supervisory control systems. The proposed framework utilizes generation-based approach and object-oriented framework library. In this framework, a database of a target system is designed from a design template, and software of a database system is generated from the database design. The generated database system includes dorhain-specific object system, and diagram and plant data editor, which provides effective data input functions.

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As a means of eliminating plural narrow band signals embedded into broad band signal, ADF which is constructed of parallel connected second-order IIR filter has been proposed. Each of second-order IIR filter estimates each narrow band signal. In this paper we study the improvement of convergence characteristic of the ADF equipped with the pole angle control algorithm. In the newly proposed method the pole angle adaptation is iterated for each input signal without waiting for the convergence of the filter coefficient which gives zero position and the convergence speed is improved remarkably. The above facts is confirmed by simulation results. The convergence speed and calculation cost are compared with other proposed algorithms. Further more, the convergence characteristics for multiple narrow band noise are shown.

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