電気学会論文誌Ｃ（電子・情報・システム部門誌）
Online ISSN : 1348-8155
Print ISSN : 0385-4221
ISSN-L : 0385-4221
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124 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の55件中1～50を表示しています
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特集：超高速デバイスおよびミリ波デバイスとその回路技術
特集解説
  • ミリ波ワイヤレスアクセスシステムの動向
    小川 博世
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 238-243
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.238
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    This paper describes the recent trend of millimeter-wave wireless access systems which utilize the advantages of millimeter-waves. The fixed wireless access systems are first discussed and newly developed testbed at Yokosuka city area for broadband transmission is introduced. Then three promising short distance wireless access systems using 60-GHz frequency are discussed. The first one is on video transmission in the house, the second on vertically -connected link for the apartment infrastructure, and the third on wireless personal area ad-hoc system. Lastly millimeter-wave self-heterodyne transmission method is briefly introduce which can decrease the complex and cost of millimeter-wave local oscillators.
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  • フェーズドアレーアンテナと小型·細径TWT技術
    -効率的な降雨減衰補償が可能な21GHz帯放送衛星システムへの適用-
    野本 俊裕
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 244-249
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.244
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    A phased-array antenna with mini-TWTs to realize a 21-GHz-band-broadcasting satellite system with a function efficiently compensating for rain attenuation is introduced in this article. Rain attenuation of RF signals in the 21-GHz-band is 3 times larger (in dB unit) than that in the 12-GHz-band, in which the current satellite broadcasting is served. Rain attenuation compensation technique is indispensable to keep sufficient service availability in the 21-GHz-band-broadcasting satellite system. However because it is known that heavy rain usually falls only in limited areas, it will be effective to boost beam strength only for such rainfall areas by application of the phased-array antenna.
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  • Photonic Antennas for Wireless Communication System
    Keren Li, Masayuki Izutsu
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 250-256
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.250
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    In recently years, we have introduced a new concept of photonic antennas for wireless communication system using radio-over-fiber technology. The photonic antenna is a functional device in which a photonic device such as photodetector and a planar antenna are directly integrated to form a photonic feeding RF (Radio Frequency) transmitter. This paper presented our recent research activities on the experiments of the optical modulation and photodetection at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies, the development of a new planar antenna: coplanar patch antenna (CPA) for the direct integration with the photodetector, and the transmission experiments of a basic photonic antenna system based the new concept.
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  • マイクロ波·ミリ波用電波暗室と超広帯域電波吸収体
    栗原 弘, 田中 隆, 斎藤 寿文, 柳川 太成
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 257-263
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.257
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    The electromagnetic anechoic chambers have been widely used for many purposes with the advance of communications from microwaves to millimeter-waves. In this paper, the electromagnetic anechoic chamber used from microwaves to millimeter-waves is explained, and the ultra broadband wave absorbers for these electromagnetic anechoic chambers are stated. The some recent results of measurement are shown to ascertain the performance of these absorbers at the sub-millimeter-waves.
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  • 低損失誘電体および高温超電導体のミリ波評価法の開発動向
    小林 禧夫
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 264-269
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.264
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    Recent development trends of several resonance methods are reviewed to measure the complex relative permittivity (relative permittivity εr and loss tangent tanδ of low-loss dielectric materials and the surface resistance Rs of high temperature superconductors (HTS) in microwave and millimeter-wave regions; that is, a cavity resonator method, a cut-off circular waveguide method, a balanced-type circular disc resonator method, a Fabry-Perot open resonator method, a whispering-gallery mode resonator method, a Hakki-Coleman method, a two-dielectric-resonator method, a one-dielectric-resonator method, a dielectric resonator method using NRD-guides, and a perturbation method.
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  • 電子デバイス用化合物半導体材料
    乙木 洋平, 鴨川 弘幸
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 270-276
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.270
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    Mass production technology and new developments in Compound Semiconductor material for Microwave devices are here described. Semi-insulating GaAs was used for Microwave devices from the 1980s. Progress of Epi-taxial technology has enabled higher performance of these devices. Epi-wafers for HEMTs and HBTs are grown by MOVPE and MBE in mass production. Controllability of the growth and improvement of through-put have been carried out in both methods. Quality improvement of conventional technology is still important on a real stage for the next generation devices. The new materials, such as Metamorphic Wafers, InP related material and GaN-HEMT have been developed and are showing high performance. Compound Semiconductors will contribute significantly to the future of Microwave devices.
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  • ひずみSOI-CMOS素子：Si格子定数の変調技術を用いた高速SOI素子技術
    水野 智久, 杉山 直治, 手塚 勉, 高木 信一
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 277-283
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.277
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    We present an attractive SOI CMOS technology with a strained-Si channel for high speed ULSIs in decanano regions. The strained-SOI CMOS devices have superior characteristics, because of the combination of the SOI and the strained-Si structures. The electron and the hole mobilities are enhanced by 1.85 and 1.53, compared to those of the conventional Si MOSFETs. We demonstrate the results of high speed CMOS ring oscillators using the strained-SOI devices. We also report the device design for the strained-SOI CMOS and a new strained-SOI CMOS.
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  • 高性能SiGe HBT/BiCMOSデバイス技術
    和田 真一郎, 橋本 尚, 鷲尾 勝由, 細江 英之
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 284-288
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.284
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    A high-performance SiGe HBT/BiCMOS technology is reviewed. A nano-meter scaling of epitaxial SiGe base layer is an effective to improve cutoff frequency. Non-self-aligned structure and self-aligned structure in SiGe HBTs are compared in terms of their process flows and characteristics. An ECL gate delay of 4.9 psec is achieved by the high-yield self-aligned SiGe HBTs with a maximum oscillation frequency of 183 GHz. Without performance degradation the SiGe HBT and advanced CMOS technology are integrated with high-performance passive elements for mixed signal system-on-a-chips.
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  • 広帯域増幅用デバイスの設計，評価，応用
    小杉 真
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 289-295
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.289
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    This paper describes a broadband amplifier for 40Gbit/s optical communication systems. 0.1μm-gate InGaAs/AlGaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (p-HEMT) and distributed amplifier technologies were applied for high performance. The broadband amplifier consists of 8sections of cascode amplifiers, which results in a broad bandwidth and very flat gain response. As an experimental result, a high gain of 11.5dB, a gain flatness of +/-0.6dB, a high output voltage of 2.8V and a broad bandwidth of 69GHz were obtained. These results indicate combination of 0.1μm-gate InGaAs/AlGaAs p-HEMT and distributed circuit technology is one of promising candidates for an electroabsorption (EA) modulator driver in 40Gbit/s optical communication systems.
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  • ワイヤレス通信端末用超高速デバイスの現状と展望
    末松 憲治
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 296-302
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.296
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    The technical trend of compound and Si ultra-high speed devices for wireless communication terminals is described. The choice of compound or Si devices depends on the RF frequency range and the required RF handling power. For high frequency applications and for high RF power circuit block, the compound devices still be used and new devices such as InGaP HBT has been developed. If the frequency range is below 6GHz, and the output power is limited, Si devices are becoming common for the transceiver system IC. Based on the device trends, the technical requirements for the ultra-high-speed devices for present and next-generation wireless applications are described. Developments of compound HBT PA and SiGe-RFIC’s for 3G (W-CDMA) terminals are also described and the circuit techniques used in these RF devices are introduced.
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  • チップサイズパッケージを用いた完全集積化MMIC技術
    西嶋 将明, 尹 榮, 石田 秀俊, 田中 毅
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 303-307
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.303
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    In this work, we used a novel CSP to develop a broadband amplifier MMIC for quasi millimeter-wave band applications, including all the matching and biasing components. By utilizing an ACF for the CSP, the fabrication process for the packaged amplifier MMIC could be simplified and made cost effective. A STO (SrTiO3) capacitor was employed to integrate the DC biasing components of the MMIC. Pre-matching circuits were used for the gate input and drain output of the FETs in the design of the broadband amplifier MMIC. The packaged amplifier MMIC exhibited good RF performance and stability over a wide frequency range.
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  • NRDガイドを用いた超高速ミリ波集積回路
    黒木 太司, 山口 倫史, 杉岡 真行, 米山 務
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 308-313
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.308
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    Millimeter-waves have attracted much attention for the construction of novel IT (Information Technologies) systems. Several types of millimeter-wave front ends have been developed by using printed transmission lines such as a microstrip line, a coplanar waveguide, and so forth. Although such printed transmission lines are preferable for application of centimeter frequencies, they suffer from a high level of transmission loss at millimeter-wave frequencies.
    Another transmission-medium candidate for millimeter-wave integrated circuits is the nonradiative dielectric waveguide (NRD guide), which consists of rectangular-shaped dielectric strips inserted in a below cutoff parallel metal plate waveguide. The NRD guide has great advantages such as no undesired radiation at curved sections and discontinuities as well as low transmission loss inherent in dielectric waveguides. Indeed, high performance millimeter-wave integrated circuits have been developed based on the NRD guide technology. In this paper, as an update, we will present progress in NRD guide technology from the viewpoint of the ultra high-speed performance.
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  • ユニプレーナ線路を用いたマイクロ波共振器·フィルタ
    和田 光司, 神山 智英, 橋本 修
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 314-322
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.314
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    This paper presents microwave resonators and filters fabricated with uniplanar lines such as a coplanar waveguide(CPW) and slot line(SL). We focus on an open-ended λ/2 resonator, short-ended λ/2 resonator and λ/4 resonator for fabricating the bandpass filters(BPFs). Various BPFs based on these resonators are presented and their characteristics are also discussed.
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特集論文
<電子デバイス>
  • 表面層として誘電板を配置したTE·TM両偏波用一層抵抗皮膜型電波吸収体の基礎検討
    谷 健祐, 橋本 修, 花澤 理宏
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 323-327
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.323
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    A radio wave absorber using an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) resistive-film, a metal plate as a reflection plate and two layers of dielectric plate is proposed. We herein examine the wide-angle absorption characteristics of the absorber under TE and TM polarization waves, theoretically and experimentally. In this structure, two layers of the dielectric plate are arranged in front of the resistive-film for the absorption film under the condition that the permittivity and thickness are chosen accurately. As a result, realization of the absorber for TE and TM polarization waves is confirmed theoretically. Moreover, the absorption of 20dB or more can be obtained based on the designed values of the proposed absorber under the incident angle ranging from 0 to 47.5 degrees for TE and TM polarization waves.
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  • WGモード高誘電率誘電体共振器を用いたミリ波BPF
    佐藤 洋介, 古神 義則, 苫米地 義郎, 松村 和仁
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 328-334
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.328
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    In this paper, a design technique of whispering gallery mode high Q value dielectric disk resonators for a millimeter-wave bandpass filter is described. To minimize the resonator size, some high permittivity materials are used. In this resonator design, unloaded Q value of an interested mode and the higher order modes are calculated and then optimum resonator size for the WG mode dielectric filter is determined. For a designed resonator, the higher order modes are hardly excited while the Q value of the fundamental mode can be maximized. Finally, some 3stage BPFs are constructed at 60GHz by using these designed resonators.
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  • 60GHz及び76GHz対応λ/4型ミリ波電波吸収体に関する検討
    近藤 明日香, 豊田 誠, 宗 哲, 橋本 修
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 335-340
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.335
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    While the demand of millimeter-wave intelligent transport system(ITS) including the automotive radar increases, utilization of electromagnetic(EM) waves on the street is increasing now. However, malfunction may be caused to communication and detection by the diffused EM wave reflected from incidental facilities such as a road sign and others. If the road sign having an absorbing function of the unwanted EM waves is realized, it is very effective to prevent the diffused EM wave reflected from the road sign. In this study, we focus on a transparent λ/4 wave absorber with resistive films attached on the road sign in adding absorbing function of EM waves of automotive rader frequency. In this structure, spacer is fabrecated of light reflecting sheet consisting of a part of the road sign and polycarbonate(PC) plate made of the transparent dielectric material. In this case, we try to examine the absorption characteristics of the proposed absorber both 60 and 76GHz bands theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the high-performance λ/4 wave absorbers for 60 and 76 GHz bands are realized.
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  • 共振器混在型バンドパスフィルタによる減衰極の実現とその制御に関する一検討
    和田 光司, 大野 貴信, 橋本 修
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 341-349
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.341
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    This paper describes the improvement of skirt characteristics of a bandpass filter (BPF) by using mixed tapped resonators. In this paper, we try to examine the transmission characteristics of the BPFs with a function to control the number of attenuation poles based on the use of a λ/2 resonator and a λ/4 resonator as the basics of the distributed constant line resonators. As a result, we have confirmed that realization of the attenuation poles than the number of the resonators, choice of the numbers of the realized poles and their location control. The miniaturization of the presented BPF is also accomplished as well as the location of the attenuation poles mentioned above. It has been confirmed that our proposal enables the control of the number of attenuation poles of the BPF.
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  • 両端開放型マイクロストリップ結合線路を用いた帯域通過フィルタの高調波共振応答改善に関する検討
    和田 光司, 中川 浩一, 大野 貴信, 橋本 修
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 350-356
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.350
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    This paper describes improvement of spurious responses for bandpass filters(BPFs) using an open-ended coupled-line. First, we examine the resonance characteristics of the tap-coupled open-ended resonator. Secondly, we examine the effectiveness of tap-coupling method to the BPF consisting of an open-ended microstrip coupled-line. Furthermore, improvement of the spurious responses of an edge-coupled BPF consisting of microstrip coupled-line is also examined theoretically and experimentally. It has been confirmed that proposed method is useful for improving the spurious responses of the BPFs consisting of the open-ended microstrip coupled-line.
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  • Broadband Double-Layered Coplanar Patch Antennas for Microwave / Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communications
    Kin Fai Tong, Keren Li, Toshiaki Matsui, Masayuki Izutsu
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 357-362
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.357
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    In this paper, we have presented the double-layered coplanar patch antennas of enhanced impedance bandwidth and adjustable conductor-backed coplanar waveguide feed lines. The proposed structure retains the advantage of laying the coplanar patch and CPW feed line on the same surface, which makes direct integration with other devices easier. Besides the substrate thickness of the radiating patch can be adjusted for wider impedance bandwidth while the dimensions of the CPW feed line was kept unchanged. Simulation has been done by using commercial EM simulation software. A parametric study of the gap distance between the coplanar patch and the top ground, and the width at the feeding point was carried out. Four testing antennas, which operate at 10GHz, were designed and the characteristics of the antennas were compared. The four testing antennas had same total thickness, but different thickness combinations. The measured return loss, gain, and radiation patterns of the antennas demonstrated that different thickness combinations do not affect the characteristics of the antennas seriously. Therefore, the dimensions of the CPW feed lines of the antennas can be adjusted for different applications.
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<電子・集積回路>
<電子応用>
  • An Experimental Study on the Calculation of the Complex Permittivity for Building Materials from the Reflection Loss by Free Space Measurement
    Ken-ichi Kimura, Osamu Hashimoto
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 381-387
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.381
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    This paper describes the proper calculation of the complex permittivity for general building materials from the magnitude of the reflection loss measured by the free space measurement. Most building materials are very inhomogeneous, due to (among other factors) varying thickness, rough surface condition, water content and distribution. In this paper the free space measurement is chosen to determine complex permittivities, as the sample preparation is relatively easy and precision machining of materials to be tested is not required.
    Iterative calculation for the complex permittivity deduces by using four measured data, which come from measurements of samples backed by a metal plate from front side (front-short), samples only from front side (front-open), samples backed by a metal plate from back side (back-short), and samples only from back side (back-open), under the condition that the frequency variation of the standard deviation of the complex permittivity is small.
    This paper also presents the relation of the complex permittivites to water contents for three kinds of building materials (fiber reinforced cement boards, calcium silicate boards and mortar boards) in the frequency range between 1.55 GHz to 6.5 GHz, which is agree to the other past analytical work.
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論文
<電子材料>
  • Al2O3セラミックスのフェムト秒レーザアブレーション
    長嶋 謙吾, 橋田 昌樹, 甲藤 正人, 塚本 雅裕, 藤田 雅之, 井澤 靖和
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 388-392
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.388
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    Laser-ablation experiments were performed on Al2O3 ceramics with Gaussian laser beam (800 nm wavelength, 100 fs pulse duration, 1.4 - 21 J/cm2 fluence range) focused to 33 mm spot diameter (at 1/e intensity level). The ablation threshold was determined by two different methods. The first one was applied to the ablation rate dependence on the laser fluence. The second method was applied to the crater surface diameter dependence on the laser fluence. These two dependences have been well expressed by the formulas applied to metals. The ablation threshold for Al2O3 ceramics was found to be 1.43±0.7 J/cm2. A micro-hole drilling of ceramics (150 mm-thickness) was demonstrated with laser fluence of 20 J/cm2. Aspect ratio (crater depth/diameter) of 3 has been achieved.
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<電子デバイス>
  • パッチ型共振器を用いたマイクロストリップパッチアンテナの新しい小型化技術
    垣田 勝利, 森田 規彦, 堀井 康史
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 393-398
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.393
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    Microstrip patch antennas have been widely used in mobile and satellite communication systems due to their great advantages of low cost, low profile, lightweight and easy fabrication. However, the dimensions of a classical patch antenna are on the order of half a wavelength. This paper proposes a new approach to reduce the size of the antenna by embedding several patch resonators in an antenna substrate. Periodically installed resonators are expected to exhibit slow-wave effects. First of all, a microstrip delay line having a train of patch resonators in its substrate is demonstrated theoretically by the conventional FDTD method, and the slow-wave effect is discussed. Next, a 2-dimentional patch resonator array is applied to a microstrip patch antenna, and the effectiveness of the proposed structure is evaluated in the respect of antenna dimensions. Also, several experiments have been carried out to confirm the theoretical predictions. Using a prototype model fabricated on an LTCC substrate, the size reduction of more the 50% is attained.
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  • RF Magnetic Shielding Effects of a Bincho-Charcoal Plate
    Keisuke Itoh, Mineo Itoh
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 399-403
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.399
    ジャーナル フリー
    抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする
    Recently, there has been increased interest for electromagnetic shielding in the radio frequency (RF) region. The use of effective electromagnetic shields has, moreover, been required to improve the electromagnetic environment. The present paper has applied bincho-charcoal, a high quality charcoal found in Japan, to improve RF electromagnetic shields. Bincho-charcoal makes an excellent shield, due to a very large value of relative permittivity in the RF region. In the present research, the evaluation of the RF magnetic shielding degree SDH of the bincho-charcoal was limited to a plate being exposed to an electromagnetic wave. The SDH of the single plate was found to increase with an increase in RF frequency over the range from 1 MHz to 1 GHz. The value of SDH at 100 MHz was found to be about 15 dB. The present authors have, furthermore, improved the value of SDH by the use of a triple plate, constructed from three bincho-charcoal plates. The SDH of the triple plate at 100 MHz was found to be improved by about 15 dB over that of the single plate. In addition, the SDH was shown to be improved by the superposition of a copper plate over the triple plate.
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<電子・集積回路>
  • 自動微分による回路シミュレータの汎用化法
    加藤 利次
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 404-410
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.404
    ジャーナル フリー
    抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする
    Circuit simulators have been often used for a power electronic system design. However most of them are limited in their application class to one with fixed elements one because they can only handle programed or fixed element characteristics. To overcome this disadvantage, a simulator should be flexible enough to handle any combination characteristics of available mathematical functions and operations. It is a problem how to compute Jacobian elements or partial derivatives with respect to circuit variables. This paper proposes a way how to compute the derivatives by using the automatic differentiation method which is simple and acurate. The principle and application examples are described.
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  • 組込み制御を対象としたFPGAによるマルチプロセッサの実装と評価
    荒木 英夫, 星野 聖彰, 久津輪 敏郎, 原嶋 勝美
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 411-417
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.411
    ジャーナル フリー
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    A processor has obtained high speed and many flexible functions by improving semiconductor technology. Almost all the new processors are expensive. Furthermore, varieties of small scale processors suitable to embedded systems are lessening. However varieties of embedded systems are increasing and life times of the systems are becoming short. Therefore small processors which are able to use freely are required. We propose a design method of building a processor system on a FPGA. By applying our design method, flexible and expandable processor system can be realized. The processor system has functions for real time processing and exclusive control. By realizing the functions, the processor system can be applied to systems which need a real time OS. However, designing an application program for the processor with special functions is difficult. As means of solving the problem, we built a tiny language for programming of the processor which has restricted architectures. In this paper, we describe the processor system and the tiny language.
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<医用電子・生体工学>
  • ネットワーク型アセンブリ言語を用いた人工生態系モデルの基礎検討
    白石 優旗, 平澤 宏太郎, 古月 敬之, 村田 純一
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 418-424
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.418
    ジャーナル フリー
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    An evolutionary approach to synthetic biology using an artificial ecosystem model, Tierra, has been proposed by T. Ray. In his model, digital creatures, i. e., self-replicating assembly-like programs are coevolving, but this system has been considered not to have the same potential for evolutionary innovation as physical systems. It is considered to be a problem to unlock the full potential of evolution in digital media.
    To solve the problem, we have proposed a new model using a network-type assembly-like language, where interaction between creatures is restricted locally like C. Adami’s Avida. In this paper, we have investigated the basic properties of our model, and found (1) the number of creatures with the dominant species continues to change while it does not in Avida, and (2) the former is smaller than the latter under almost the same conditions. These show the possibility that our model has more potential of evolution. We also studied the influence of changing world’s size, mutation rate, and so on.
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  • 循環系の集中回路モデルと心収縮機能の検討
    伊藤 満代, 小矢 美晴, 溝尻 勳
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 425-430
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.425
    ジャーナル フリー
    抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする
    Presently, many of the already proposed blood circulation models are mainly partial models although they are precise models. A complete model that is a combination of these partial models are difficult to analyze because it is complicated to consider both the viscosity of blood and circulatory details at the same time. So, it is difficult to control the model parameters in order to adapt to various cases of circulatory diseases.
    This paper proposes a complete circulation model as a lumped electrical circuit, which is comparatively simple. In the circuit model, total blood is modeled as seven lumped capacitors, representing the functions of atriums, ventricles, arteries, veins and lungs. We regard the variation of the ventricle capacitance as the driving force of the complete circulation model. In our model, we considered only the variation of pressure between each part and the blood capacity of each part.
    In particular, the contraction function of the left ventricle is examined under the consideration of whole blood circulation.
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  • 積分筋電図による筋活動の評価
    原 良昭, 吉田 正樹, 松村 雅史, 市橋 則明
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 431-435
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.431
    ジャーナル フリー
    抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする
    The aim of this study is to evaluate the muscle activity of each muscle by integrated electromyogram (iEMG) signal in daily life. We measured the iEMG signals from the medial vastus muscle, the semitendinosus muscle, the rectus femoris muscle and the biceps femoris muscle in this study. The muscle activity was calculated using iEMG signals. The muscle activity was evaluated by comparing the muscle activity in the daily life to the activities of muscle in level walk of 10 steps. We compared the evaluation results of the muscle activity for each muscle. From these results, it has been proved that the muscle activity is different even if these muscles belong to the same group, which exerts the same action on one joint. This result suggests that the evaluation of each muscle activity should be useful for safety and efficiently training of rehabilitation.
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  • 脳磁図における電流源推定の有限要素法-カルマンフィルタによる逆解析
    井上 藍, 宮崎 保光, 後藤 信夫
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 436-445
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.436
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Magnetoencephalography(MEG) measures the magnetic field generated by the activity current within the brain accompanying excitement of a nerve cell on the surface of the head. In this research, order analysis and its reverse analysis is performed supposing a suitable head model. The order analysis applied the finite element method. For inverse analysis, it is formulized using finite element method-Kalman filter algorithm . In reverse analysis with a Kalman filter, presumption of single dipole was able to be performed with sufficient accuracy. Moreover, analysis for two sources of current was also performed.
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<センシング>
<通信・ネットワーク>
  • 所要データ品質に基づく無線リソースマネジメントアルゴリズム
    新熊 亮一, 岡田 実, 塚本 勝俊, 小牧 省三
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 453-460
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.453
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Wireless local area network (LAN) techniques have been adopted not only to office and home networks but also spot access in public places. Although the transmission speed of wireless LANs has reached to a few ten Mbps, the effective transmission speed for each user degrades due to the restriction of radio resources in multi-user environments. In this paper, we propose a new radio resource management algorithm for the IEEE802.11a wireless LAN. In the proposed scheme, the wireless transmission mode is chosen according to the acceptable bit error rate (BER) of each transmitted packet. Then, the bandwidth assignment is performed, as matching the bit rates required of the packets. The proposed scheme can improve the quality of service for every user by assigning a lot of radio resources to error-sensitive data and the data requiring high bit-rates. In this paper, we verify the availability of the proposed scheme by computer simulations.
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<マルチメディア>
  • 広視域網膜投影型表示システムの一方式
    高橋 秀也, 江泉 清隆, 平澤 真樹, 志水 英二
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 461-466
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.461
    ジャーナル フリー
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    It is necessary for Mixed Reality technology to use a see-through Head-Mounted Display (HMD) in which both the real world and virtual world can be seen at the same time. A conventional see-through HMD has a fixed focal point for the virtual images on the spatial light modulator, while the eye dynamically accommodates to the changing fixation point of real objects. Therefore, both real and virtual objects cannot be steadily observed because an observer can only accommodate to one of them. In order to overcome this problem, a Retinal Projection Display has recently been proposed. In a Retinal Projection Display, an image is projected onto a retina directly, so we can view images with long focal depth by using the principle of the Maxwellian View. However, the viewing zone in the Maxwellian View is very narrow because the center of the pupil has to correspond to the converging point of the rays. This paper proposes a new method of a Retinal Projection Display which has a wide viewing zone, and describes an experimental result.
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  • 視覚特性を考慮した周波数帯域の補正表示方式
    倉持 敦, 米村 恵一, 杉浦 彰彦
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 467-472
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.467
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Recently, visual function defect has being social problem. Though people felt an incongruity are a few on using glasses and so on, the needs that seeing CRT without using correcting instruments is high, too. So we suggest the method sight revising on the part of CRT as new sight revising method. In the experiment, we made the image removed high frequency band, and then carried out an eye test using the image added high frequency band by linear function and logarithmic function to it. As a result, we could be sight revising by added high frequency band.
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<音声画像処理・認識>
<制御・計測>
  • 規範モデルを参照した実数次位相進み遅れ補償器の設計法
    矢島 尚人
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 489-494
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.489
    ジャーナル フリー
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    This paper proposes a design method for the real order phase lead-lag compensator to control the controlled object having a higher order lag element and a dead time. In this method, a reference model of very simple open-loop transfer function is introduced. A close relation between the resonance peak Mp of frequency response and the overshoot of the response to unit step input is shown in this model. The desgin procedure which makes the frequency characteristics of the objected open-loop system close as precisely as possible to one of the reference model is presented. The frequency chracteristics of objected system are designed to satisfy the specifid quantities such as phase margin, value of Mp and gain margin. The condition that the gain-phase plot of the open-loop system is tangent to the constant M locus in the Nichols chart is treated especially. By this method, the overshoot of the step response to reference input is able to consider to be the specification in stead of the resonance peak Mp. Finally, the effectiveness of the design method is approved by examples.
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  • 周期外力を印加したBVP発振器における極配置法に基づくカオス制御の実験的検討
    高坂 拓司, 安原 義仁, 上田 哲史, 川上 博
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 495-501
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.495
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In previous work(1), we proposed a control method of the chaotic attractor in the non-autonomous systems and stabilized the unstable periodic orbits observed in the Duffing’s equation. Our method can be used as a general technique for controlling chaos, however, the control function was not demonstrated in the laboratory experiments. With this in mind, in this paper, we consider the experimental control of the chaotic behavior in the circuit model, called the forced BVP oscillator. The pole assignment for the corresponding discrete system derived from such a non-autonomous system via Poincaré mapping works effectively, and the control unit is easily realized by the window comparator, sample-hold circuits, and so on. In particular, we try to stabilize the unstable 1 and 3-periodic orbits in the chaotic attractor in the numerical and experimental simulations.
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<ロボティクス>
  • 捕獲問題における群移動ロボットの協調行動の実現
    刈谷 学, 鎌野 琢也, 安野 卓, 鈴木 茂行, 原田 寛信, 小倉 明香
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 502-508
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.502
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In this paper, the realization of cooperative knowledge for a catching problem of multiple hunter robots and an escaping target is considered. To achieve successful catching, a pincer attack movement between two hunter robots is introduced as the basic cooperation strategy. The pincer attack movement of each hunter robot is described by the fuzzy rules. The fuzzy rules are tuned by genetic algorithm that the hunter robots can realize the pincer attack formation. Furthermore, the indirect approach is discussed in which the tuned fuzzy pincer attack rules are only applied to the nearest pair among the multiple hunter robots. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the suitable cooperative movement among the robots is realized and the proposed cooperation scheme is effective to the catching problem.
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<ソフトコンピューティング>
  • 段階的学習法を用いたGAによる多重トレーラを有するトラックシステムのニューロ制御
    喜友名 彩妃, 金城 寛, 中園 邦彦, 山本 哲彦
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 509-519
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.509
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In this paper, we propose a design method for neurocontrollers (NCs) evolved by a genetic algorithm (GA) for the backward movement control of multitrailer truck systems. The difficulty of the backward movement control depends on the number of connected trailers. In order to search for the best NCs for the multitrailer systems, we propose a step-up training method. The step-up training sequence is as follows. First, the initial NCs, that are set to random values, are trained for an easy control object. Second, the set of NCs is trained for more difficult control objects. In this study, firstly, the initial NCs are trained for a two-trailer-connected truck system, secondly the NCs are trained for a three-trailer system, and finally the NCs are trained for a four-trailer system. The step-up training method is able to advance NCs which can successfully control multitrailer systems. The simulation results show that the step-up training method is useful for multitrailer systems.
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  • Detecting Household Burning Smell Using a Neuro-Electronic Nose System
    Bancha Charumporn, Michifumi Yoshioka, Toru Fujinaka, Sigeru Omatu
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 520-525
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.520
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Conventional fire detecting systems lack the ability to detect fire in the early stages since they trigger the alarm by the high density of smoke or the high air temperature. In this paper, a new electronic nose (EN) system is proposed as an alternative way to detect various sources of fire from the burning smells. The EN is added with a mechanism to reduce the effect of the temperature and the humidity. Consequently, the time series data from the same smell in every repetition data are highly correlated. We have selected only a single data from each source of smell that has the highest average similarity index (SI) value to be a training data for the error back-propagation neural networks (BPNN). Generally, the time series data can be used as the input data for the BPNN directly. However, it will consume a lot of time for training due to the huge dimensional data. A new method called slope max mean (SMM) is applied to reduce the dimension of the input data. By using the SMM data, the training time is reduced and the overall classification rate of 99.8% is achieved which shows the high feasibility to apply the EN as a precision fire detecting system.
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  • 三次元ブロック化赤-黒順序付け法によるICCG法の並列化
    岩下 武史, 中西 佑一, 島崎 眞昭
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 526-532
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.526
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The present paper deals with parallelization of ICCG method. A reordering (parallel ordering) technique is one of typical parallel processing techniques of ICCG method. While several parallel orderings have been proposed, the block red-black ordering that is proposed by the authors is relatively new ordering. This ordering method has advantages in convergence rate and in synchronization costs, and its effectiveness was confirmed in a preliminary numerical test for 2-d finite difference analyses. In the present paper, this method is enhanced for 3-d finite difference analyses, which require more computational efforts than 2-d analyses. We here describe the details of the implementation procedure of the block red-black ordering in 3-d analyses. Numerical tests for a 3-d partial differential equation problem are performed. It is shown that 3-d block red-black ordering method attains high parallel efficiency due to fast convergence and effective use of data cache.
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<システム>
  • 対称性を有するパルス結合振動子系における同調現象の解析
    遠藤 俊明, 田中 玲子, 相吉 英太郎
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 533-541
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.533
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Synchronization in biological systems, such as synchronized luminosity of fireflies and synchronization of cardiac cells, is realized by interactions among oscillators with pulse signals. These systems with pulse signal couplings are called pulse-coupled oscillators. This paper analyses the synchronization of bi-directional pulse-coupled oscillators. Extending an analysis method of ring arrayed uni-directional pulse-coupled oscillators with the integrate-and-fire model, we show various synchronization patterns in bi-directional coupling oscillators, and analyze their stabilities. Moreover, numerical simulation shows the relationships between the spacial symmetry of the system and synchronization patterns.
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  • 電力自由化における発電機のExtrinsic Value特性に関する数値評価
    市田 良夫, 松本 邦夫, 牧野 倫子, 田中 泰明
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 542-549
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.542
    ジャーナル フリー
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    From an investment or long-term point of view, it is important to grasp the values of power units. The biggest difference between regulated and deregulated industry is price volatilities which leads to the volatilities of value. As is already known, power unit can be considered to be an option which actually means we can get high benefit from high volatility. Firstly, we introduce a basic idea to evaluate the values of power units in chapter2, 3. In chapter 4, we show some figures to explain the affection of the base price curve to the unit value. Then, we mention the sensibilities of power unit’s parameters.
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  • 適応型Particle Swarm Optimizationに関する基礎的検討
    井出 東, 安田 恵一郎
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 550-557
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.550
    ジャーナル フリー
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    This paper points out that meta-heuristics should have not only robustness and adaptability to problems with different structure but also adjustability of parameters included in their algorithms. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), whose concept began as a simulation of a simplified social milieu, is known as one of the most powerful optimization methods for solving nonconvex continuous optimization problems. Then, in order to improve adjustability, a new parameter is introduced into particle swarm optimization on the basis of the Proximate Optimality Principle (POP). In this paper, we propose adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization and the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed approach are demonstrated on simulations using some typical nonconvex optimization problems.
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  • 時分割方式により実現した単一参照駆動用コイルを有するマイクロ振動型ジャイロの駆動·検出システム
    澤井 信博, 前中 一介, 井奥 淳, 藤田 孝之, 高山 洋一郎
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 558-563
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.558
    ジャーナル フリー
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    We report a driving and movement detection system for a micro vibratory gyroscope with double gimbal structure. The gyroscope has two-coils on its outer and inner-gimbals and the inner-gimbal is vibrated by the electromagnetic force. Our system drives inner-coil and simultaneously detects the vibration of the inner-gimbal by time shared control. The system includes a PLL loop with an over-tone oscillator and PLD for achieving time-shared driveing/detection scheme. The system showed good characteristics for angular rate detection.
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  • Self-Organizing Tree Using Cluster Validity
    Yasue Sasaki, Yukinori Suzuki, Takayuki Miyamoto, Junji Maeda
    2004 年 124 巻 2 号 p. 564-569
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2004/05/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.564
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    Self-organizing tree (S-TREE) models solve clustering problems by imposing tree-structured constraints on the solution. It has a self-organizing capacity and has better performance than previous tree-structured algorithms. S-TREE carries out pruning to reduce the effect of bad leaf nodes when the tree reaches a predetermined maximum size (U), However, it is difficult to determine U beforehand because it is problem-dependent. U gives the limit of tree growth and can also prevent self-organization of the tree. It may produce an unnatural clustering. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for pruning algorithm that does not require U. This algorithm prunes extra nodes based on a significant level of cluster validity and allows the S-TREE to grow by a self-organization. The performance of the new algorithm was examined by experiments on vector quantization. The results of experiments show that natural leaf nodes are formed by this algorithm without setting the limit for the growth of the S-TREE.
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<ソフトウェア・情報処理>
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